Counselling in Wanneroo, WA

Photo of Shelley Bell, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Shelley Bell
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Hi! I'm Shelley, counsellor at Branch of Hope Counselling. I'm so glad you're here! Do you feel stuck? Are you struggling to find motivation? Do you keep worrying about the same things, over and over ...
Hi! I'm Shelley, counsellor at Branch of Hope Counselling. I'm so glad you're here! Do you feel stuck? Are you struggling to find motivation? Do you keep worrying about the same things, over and over ...
(08) 6206 8204 View (08) 6206 8204
Photo of Justine O'Malley Counselling and Therapy Services, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Justine O'Malley Counselling and Therapy Services
Counsellor, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
I have worked alongside children, young people, families and communities for the past 30 years. I integrate Social-emotional Learning Theory to help children and young people better understand their thoughts and emotions, and develop techniques to help them cope with life’s ups and downs. I work creatively with each child/young person through the use of play therapy, stories, games, art and a range of engaging activities to develop and support social and emotional skills within children/young people that can equip them with tools to deal with challenges in their life as well as achieve personal goals.
I have worked alongside children, young people, families and communities for the past 30 years. I integrate Social-emotional Learning Theory to help children and young people better understand their thoughts and emotions, and develop techniques to help them cope with life’s ups and downs. I work creatively with each child/young person through the use of play therapy, stories, games, art and a range of engaging activities to develop and support social and emotional skills within children/young people that can equip them with tools to deal with challenges in their life as well as achieve personal goals.
(08) 6219 3752 View (08) 6219 3752
Photo of Janet Gallagher, Psychologist in Wanneroo, WA
Janet Gallagher
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Janet provides support to clients using a strength based perspective. She has experience working across the lifespan, with most of her experience being in the area of childhood trauma. She likes to use various evidenced based therapeutic frameworks including Schema Therapy, EMDR and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
Janet provides support to clients using a strength based perspective. She has experience working across the lifespan, with most of her experience being in the area of childhood trauma. She likes to use various evidenced based therapeutic frameworks including Schema Therapy, EMDR and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
(08) 6206 8143 View (08) 6206 8143
Photo of Annette Wells, Psychologist in Wanneroo, WA
Annette Wells
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about my role as a psychologist, taking an empathic stance to my clinical work. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is central, and work from a person centred, strength based and trauma informed perspective. I am a strong advocate for neuro-affirmative work and aim to support individuals to explore, develop and embrace their neurodivergent identity. I have worked with individuals across the lifespan and with a range of presentations including depression, anxiety, grief and loss, trauma and life transitions.
I am passionate about my role as a psychologist, taking an empathic stance to my clinical work. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is central, and work from a person centred, strength based and trauma informed perspective. I am a strong advocate for neuro-affirmative work and aim to support individuals to explore, develop and embrace their neurodivergent identity. I have worked with individuals across the lifespan and with a range of presentations including depression, anxiety, grief and loss, trauma and life transitions.
(08) 6206 8870 View (08) 6206 8870
Photo of Donna Pike, Psychologist in Wanneroo, WA
Donna Pike
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
My name is Donna and I am a Psychologist with over 12 years experience. I have also studied other healing modalities so I take a holistic and integrated approach to your wellbeing- mind, body and soul! I can help with all the common problems we face in life such as anxiety, depression, stress and relationship difficulties. I also have a lot of experience in helping people recover from trauma and with grief and loss. I see children, teens and adults including those with disabilities.
My name is Donna and I am a Psychologist with over 12 years experience. I have also studied other healing modalities so I take a holistic and integrated approach to your wellbeing- mind, body and soul! I can help with all the common problems we face in life such as anxiety, depression, stress and relationship difficulties. I also have a lot of experience in helping people recover from trauma and with grief and loss. I see children, teens and adults including those with disabilities.
(08) 9516 0804 View (08) 9516 0804
Photo of Rhys James Paul, Psychologist in Wanneroo, WA
Rhys James Paul
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
I work across the spectrum of mental health disorders but particularly specialize in Anxiety Disorders, OCD, Addiction issues, and PTSD/Trauma. I work with clients during the assessment to get an idea of what they want from life and how psychological treatment might be able to line up with their goals.
I work across the spectrum of mental health disorders but particularly specialize in Anxiety Disorders, OCD, Addiction issues, and PTSD/Trauma. I work with clients during the assessment to get an idea of what they want from life and how psychological treatment might be able to line up with their goals.
(08) 6206 8402 View (08) 6206 8402
Photo of Azelene Williams, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Azelene Williams
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
I specialise in tween, teen and young adult mental health. I have been working with young people for over ten years. I understand the unique challenges that young people face and strive to create a safe and supportive environment for them to work on their emotional well-being. I use evidence-based interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness, and narrative therapy to assist my clients in developing a greater understanding of their emotional needs. My goal is to help young people to build resilience, foster self-awareness, and create healthier coping strategies for their everyday lives.
I specialise in tween, teen and young adult mental health. I have been working with young people for over ten years. I understand the unique challenges that young people face and strive to create a safe and supportive environment for them to work on their emotional well-being. I use evidence-based interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness, and narrative therapy to assist my clients in developing a greater understanding of their emotional needs. My goal is to help young people to build resilience, foster self-awareness, and create healthier coping strategies for their everyday lives.
(08) 6206 8063 View (08) 6206 8063
Photo of Sallyann Richards, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Sallyann Richards
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Life for all of us can be unpredictable and at times difficult to navigate. Experiencing change can lead to feelings of anxiety, stress or depression impacting your sense of purpose and general enjoyment of life. As a registered counsellor with over 15 years experience, I am committed to exploring together what works for you in your unique situation. My hope for you is that incremental shifts in your experience will lead to meaningful change in your life.
Life for all of us can be unpredictable and at times difficult to navigate. Experiencing change can lead to feelings of anxiety, stress or depression impacting your sense of purpose and general enjoyment of life. As a registered counsellor with over 15 years experience, I am committed to exploring together what works for you in your unique situation. My hope for you is that incremental shifts in your experience will lead to meaningful change in your life.
(08) 6219 3399 View (08) 6219 3399
Photo of Healing Arts Psychotherapy and Counselling, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Healing Arts Psychotherapy and Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Finding a suitable therapist can be daunting and someone you connect with is important. I offer a safe space with no judgment to explore and gain mental health support & maximisation of well-being. Tailored to your needs and utilising creative process and expression, therapeutic art sessions can assist you to develop techniques and skills to achieve individualised goals. I bring extensive knowledge to our sessions, from general issues to challenging events. Specifically I understand the difficulties of trauma, addictions, domestic violence/abuse and LGBTQI + issues. Together we can work towards achievable goals and empowerment.
Finding a suitable therapist can be daunting and someone you connect with is important. I offer a safe space with no judgment to explore and gain mental health support & maximisation of well-being. Tailored to your needs and utilising creative process and expression, therapeutic art sessions can assist you to develop techniques and skills to achieve individualised goals. I bring extensive knowledge to our sessions, from general issues to challenging events. Specifically I understand the difficulties of trauma, addictions, domestic violence/abuse and LGBTQI + issues. Together we can work towards achievable goals and empowerment.
(08) 9509 6007 View (08) 9509 6007
Photo of Aligned Living, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Aligned Living
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Do you love animals/nature? Want to deepen/strengthen relationships and experience intimacy? Tired of feeling pressured or restricted and unable to do what you want? Want to use your voice? Learn how to make decisions and take control of your life! Do people say you are too sensitive? Feel like something's missing from your life? If you experience PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, are a Sexual Abuse Survivor or just feel like something is holding you back we can help. Deepen or explore your spirituality; find healing, confidence and freedom, as you connect with our horses. Be supported to give & receive love again.
Do you love animals/nature? Want to deepen/strengthen relationships and experience intimacy? Tired of feeling pressured or restricted and unable to do what you want? Want to use your voice? Learn how to make decisions and take control of your life! Do people say you are too sensitive? Feel like something's missing from your life? If you experience PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, are a Sexual Abuse Survivor or just feel like something is holding you back we can help. Deepen or explore your spirituality; find healing, confidence and freedom, as you connect with our horses. Be supported to give & receive love again.
(08) 9316 6898 View (08) 9316 6898
Photo of Nadia Truong CARE Psychology Services , Psychologist in Wanneroo, WA
Nadia Truong CARE Psychology Services
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Nadia is a registered psychologist who places great emphasis on developing a therapeutic relationship with her clients and applies an individualised, client-centred approach to therapy. Her strengths-based approach helps clients to feel centred, affirmed, resilient and empowered so they can achieve potential personal growth. She is committed to a holistic approach to comprehensively address the various factors that may undermine a person’s resilience and sense of wellbeing. Nadia is also a Board Approved Supervisor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health sector.
Nadia is a registered psychologist who places great emphasis on developing a therapeutic relationship with her clients and applies an individualised, client-centred approach to therapy. Her strengths-based approach helps clients to feel centred, affirmed, resilient and empowered so they can achieve potential personal growth. She is committed to a holistic approach to comprehensively address the various factors that may undermine a person’s resilience and sense of wellbeing. Nadia is also a Board Approved Supervisor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health sector.
(08) 6219 3897 View (08) 6219 3897
Photo of Rebecca Royle, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Rebecca Royle
Counsellor, CCAA Adv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Arukah Counselling and Family Therapy is owned and operated by myself. I am passionate about counselling and the therapeutic relationship. I do value sensitivity, integrity and respect for the client. I am also passionate about working with the individual, couples, children, adolescents and the entire family system to help bring healing and restoration of wholeness to the person and the family within a supportive, safe and caring environment. I do understand that our minds and family dynamics are complex and Individual Counselling and Family Therapy can assist and guide you to resolution and restoration with life's challenges.
Arukah Counselling and Family Therapy is owned and operated by myself. I am passionate about counselling and the therapeutic relationship. I do value sensitivity, integrity and respect for the client. I am also passionate about working with the individual, couples, children, adolescents and the entire family system to help bring healing and restoration of wholeness to the person and the family within a supportive, safe and caring environment. I do understand that our minds and family dynamics are complex and Individual Counselling and Family Therapy can assist and guide you to resolution and restoration with life's challenges.
(08) 6490 9069 View (08) 6490 9069
Photo of Vanesse Cronje, Psychotherapist in Wanneroo, WA
Vanesse Cronje
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wanneroo, WA 6065
My purpose is to help individuals and couples identify their values, establish healthy boundaries, and reconnect with what gives them meaning. I strive to provide a relaxing, peaceful and private therapy space. Working with clients from all walks of life for the past six years has taught me a lot about the challenges people have to face every day.  I work in close collaboration with the client to reinforce positive feelings and behaviours and to develop mental, emotional and behavioural goals.
My purpose is to help individuals and couples identify their values, establish healthy boundaries, and reconnect with what gives them meaning. I strive to provide a relaxing, peaceful and private therapy space. Working with clients from all walks of life for the past six years has taught me a lot about the challenges people have to face every day.  I work in close collaboration with the client to reinforce positive feelings and behaviours and to develop mental, emotional and behavioural goals.
(08) 6206 8003 View (08) 6206 8003
Photo of Renn Cheah, Psychologist in Wanneroo, WA
Renn Cheah
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Do you find yourself stuck in that same unhealthy loop in life? Are you constantly distressed by "old stuff" and can't seem to free yourself from them? Do you feel embarrassed to talk to just any therapist about your issues? If you're ready to take the next step, I am happy to support you through this new chapter in your life. I believe you are the master of you and I am privileged to be the catalyst to the change that you are looking for.
Do you find yourself stuck in that same unhealthy loop in life? Are you constantly distressed by "old stuff" and can't seem to free yourself from them? Do you feel embarrassed to talk to just any therapist about your issues? If you're ready to take the next step, I am happy to support you through this new chapter in your life. I believe you are the master of you and I am privileged to be the catalyst to the change that you are looking for.
(08) 9468 7262 View (08) 9468 7262
Photo of Donelle Green, Psychotherapist in Wanneroo, WA
Donelle Green
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Do you wonder "what's happened to us?" Maybe you know what's happened, a betrayal for example, maybe you don't know, but things just don't feel like they used to. You might be having more arguments, feeling disconnected from each-other or resentful and hurt. Maybe you struggle to communicate without anger, or feel you can't talk about the 'big' things. Maybe you struggle with anxiety, depression or unaddressed stress that impacts your relationship. Or, maybe it is stressors outside your relationship, but is impacting it, such as in-laws or FIFO work. Whatever the cause, I imagine you just want your relationship to feel better.
Do you wonder "what's happened to us?" Maybe you know what's happened, a betrayal for example, maybe you don't know, but things just don't feel like they used to. You might be having more arguments, feeling disconnected from each-other or resentful and hurt. Maybe you struggle to communicate without anger, or feel you can't talk about the 'big' things. Maybe you struggle with anxiety, depression or unaddressed stress that impacts your relationship. Or, maybe it is stressors outside your relationship, but is impacting it, such as in-laws or FIFO work. Whatever the cause, I imagine you just want your relationship to feel better.
(08) 6219 3937 View (08) 6219 3937
Photo of Alkimos Counselling services, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Alkimos Counselling services
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Your state of mental health is able to be improved and managed with the right support. Whatever your situation is you will be offered a safe, respectful and confidential environment to help resolve any issues that are impacting your emotions and physical function. It is important to know you do not have to face things alone. At Alkimos Counselling services people from all walks of life and ages will be supported in the best possible way. Our practise takes a holistic approach and understands that each of us are special and unique and should be supported for who we are.
Your state of mental health is able to be improved and managed with the right support. Whatever your situation is you will be offered a safe, respectful and confidential environment to help resolve any issues that are impacting your emotions and physical function. It is important to know you do not have to face things alone. At Alkimos Counselling services people from all walks of life and ages will be supported in the best possible way. Our practise takes a holistic approach and understands that each of us are special and unique and should be supported for who we are.
(08) 6219 3741 View (08) 6219 3741
Photo of Better Life Counsellors and Psychotherapists, Psychotherapist in Wanneroo, WA
Better Life Counsellors and Psychotherapists
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Does your life sometimes feel overwhelming, and does that lead you to feel anxious or depressed, as if you just can't cope? Do you have difficulties maintaining close relationships, or are you experiencing the trauma of adultery and betrayal in your marriage? Perhaps you have personal trauma you need to deal with in order to bring healing and move forward. The purpose of my work is to assist you in overcoming marriage problems, dealing with the raw emotions associated with betrayal, and providing you with the tools necessary for a successful marriage. Both individuals and couples are welcome to contact me.
Does your life sometimes feel overwhelming, and does that lead you to feel anxious or depressed, as if you just can't cope? Do you have difficulties maintaining close relationships, or are you experiencing the trauma of adultery and betrayal in your marriage? Perhaps you have personal trauma you need to deal with in order to bring healing and move forward. The purpose of my work is to assist you in overcoming marriage problems, dealing with the raw emotions associated with betrayal, and providing you with the tools necessary for a successful marriage. Both individuals and couples are welcome to contact me.
(08) 9329 3397 View (08) 9329 3397
Photo of Connecting Dots Counselling, Counsellor in Wanneroo, WA
Connecting Dots Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wanneroo, WA 6065
Hi, I am Theresa Acutt. The very first thing I will do is listen. I will provide a space where you are heard and supported, at your pace, so that you are able to move towards finding solutions that work for you. This space is a highly confidential and nonjudgmental space. During the session, I will incorporate a variety of evidence-based interventions specific to your individual needs. Imagine that in your session, you were to discover a small step that showed you a way out of a situation, new perspectives, clarity, new skill, strategies and a better version of yourself.
Hi, I am Theresa Acutt. The very first thing I will do is listen. I will provide a space where you are heard and supported, at your pace, so that you are able to move towards finding solutions that work for you. This space is a highly confidential and nonjudgmental space. During the session, I will incorporate a variety of evidence-based interventions specific to your individual needs. Imagine that in your session, you were to discover a small step that showed you a way out of a situation, new perspectives, clarity, new skill, strategies and a better version of yourself.
(08) 6219 3877 View (08) 6219 3877
Photo of Mark Walker, Psychotherapist in Wanneroo, WA
Mark Walker
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Wanneroo, WA 6065
As a registered psychotherapist with a creative art therapy and pastoral background I work from a collaborative position of care, curiosity and empathy. I utilise a variety of approaches to match your specific goals and needs, facilitating understanding of your particular situation to overcome stuckness. One of the philosophies that resonates for me is, “The problem is the problem, the person is not the problem” (White & Epston, founders of Narrative therapy).
As a registered psychotherapist with a creative art therapy and pastoral background I work from a collaborative position of care, curiosity and empathy. I utilise a variety of approaches to match your specific goals and needs, facilitating understanding of your particular situation to overcome stuckness. One of the philosophies that resonates for me is, “The problem is the problem, the person is not the problem” (White & Epston, founders of Narrative therapy).
(08) 7078 7528 View (08) 7078 7528

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lauren Gangemi, Psychologist in Wanneroo, WA
Lauren Gangemi
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Woodvale, WA 6026
Lauren has worked across the lifespan supporting individuals and families. She has a strong background in working with individuals and families affected by a range of disabilities, particularly those living with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Autism, Intellectual Disabilities, and Physical Disabilities. Lauren also provides support to Adolescents and Young Adults, and enjoys working across the lifespan, typically supporting people from ages 8+
Lauren has worked across the lifespan supporting individuals and families. She has a strong background in working with individuals and families affected by a range of disabilities, particularly those living with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Autism, Intellectual Disabilities, and Physical Disabilities. Lauren also provides support to Adolescents and Young Adults, and enjoys working across the lifespan, typically supporting people from ages 8+
(08) 6206 8671 View (08) 6206 8671

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Wanneroo, WA

10+

Average cost per session

$130

Counsellors in Wanneroo, WA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
84% Depression
84% Coping Skills
79% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
68% Parenting
68% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% Medicare Rebates
57% Medibank Private
57% NDIS

How Counsellors in Wanneroo, WA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Wanneroo?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.