Counselling in Sydney, NSW

Photo of Adrian Allen, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Adrian Allen
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000  (Online Only)
Adrian understands that everyone has their own emotional and mental health needs. He aims to understand your specific concerns, needs and goals. He works with people who have concerns with mood and depression, various types of anxiety, worry, OCD, work and life stress, relationships, and trauma and PTSD. You may find working with Adrian helpful if you want to learn practical tools and skills that are supported by science to achieve real change in how you feel. Adrian brings extensive experience to his work - several years working in major public hospitals, supervising and teaching clinical trainees, and publishing research.
Adrian understands that everyone has their own emotional and mental health needs. He aims to understand your specific concerns, needs and goals. He works with people who have concerns with mood and depression, various types of anxiety, worry, OCD, work and life stress, relationships, and trauma and PTSD. You may find working with Adrian helpful if you want to learn practical tools and skills that are supported by science to achieve real change in how you feel. Adrian brings extensive experience to his work - several years working in major public hospitals, supervising and teaching clinical trainees, and publishing research.
(02) 8074 5317 View (02) 8074 5317
Photo of Eva M Fera, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Eva M Fera
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
I am a Fellow and clinical supervisor of both the Australian Psychological Society’s Colleges of Clinical Psychologists and Health Psychologists. I have completed training in Clinical Hypnotherapy, Nutritional Medicine in Mental Health, and Neurofeedback, and have 25 years of clinical experience in public, medical, and private settings. My therapeutic approach is goal-oriented and employs biopsychosocial strategies to hasten your recovery. Your therapy is designed for your unique needs, based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and utilising a variety of other modalities as required
I am a Fellow and clinical supervisor of both the Australian Psychological Society’s Colleges of Clinical Psychologists and Health Psychologists. I have completed training in Clinical Hypnotherapy, Nutritional Medicine in Mental Health, and Neurofeedback, and have 25 years of clinical experience in public, medical, and private settings. My therapeutic approach is goal-oriented and employs biopsychosocial strategies to hasten your recovery. Your therapy is designed for your unique needs, based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and utilising a variety of other modalities as required
0400 363 390 View 0400 363 390
Photo of Ernst Meyer Somatic Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist in Sydney, NSW
Ernst Meyer Somatic Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Have you been feeling - or have you been told - that there is something "wrong" with you? Have you had panic attacks, experienced issues with eating? Feel exhausted, overwhelmed, or lack energy? Are you feeling helpless, powerless, hopeless? Do you at times feel that you don't want to live any longer? Are sexual or relationship issues affecting the quality of your life? Have you seen a psychiatrist or a psychologist and the treatment didn't "work"?
Have you been feeling - or have you been told - that there is something "wrong" with you? Have you had panic attacks, experienced issues with eating? Feel exhausted, overwhelmed, or lack energy? Are you feeling helpless, powerless, hopeless? Do you at times feel that you don't want to live any longer? Are sexual or relationship issues affecting the quality of your life? Have you seen a psychiatrist or a psychologist and the treatment didn't "work"?
(02) 9100 0096 View (02) 9100 0096
Photo of Patrick McGrath, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Patrick McGrath
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
I am a clinical psychologist who works across a variety of presentations including anxiety and mood disorders. I hope to bring a warm, empathic and authentic approach to the issues that people bring to therapy. I recognise the investment that people make when they share their difficulties with someone and commit to therapy, and work to honour that commitment by delivering evidence based treatments, that are tailored to a persons needs. I’ve benefitted greatly from the experience of working across a range of inpatient and outpatient hospital settings.
I am a clinical psychologist who works across a variety of presentations including anxiety and mood disorders. I hope to bring a warm, empathic and authentic approach to the issues that people bring to therapy. I recognise the investment that people make when they share their difficulties with someone and commit to therapy, and work to honour that commitment by delivering evidence based treatments, that are tailored to a persons needs. I’ve benefitted greatly from the experience of working across a range of inpatient and outpatient hospital settings.
(02) 8074 5482 View (02) 8074 5482
Photo of Anne Reilly-Couples Therapy-Buddhist Psychotherapy in Sydney, NSW
Anne Reilly-Couples Therapy-Buddhist Psychotherapy
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
I am passionate about helping others to choose, create and maintain healthy relationships. Personal growth, accountability and good boundaries are important for attracting the right partner. Understand your patterns and learn to stay more present in your relationship. I support individuals to move through their pain of a break up and help them to learn from it and move forward. I support you to calm the busy thoughts and get to the beliefs that drive unhelpful behaviours. Understand your triggers and let go of reactivity.
I am passionate about helping others to choose, create and maintain healthy relationships. Personal growth, accountability and good boundaries are important for attracting the right partner. Understand your patterns and learn to stay more present in your relationship. I support individuals to move through their pain of a break up and help them to learn from it and move forward. I support you to calm the busy thoughts and get to the beliefs that drive unhelpful behaviours. Understand your triggers and let go of reactivity.
(02) 9159 6623 View (02) 9159 6623
Photo of James Norman O'Connor, Psychotherapist in Sydney, NSW
James Norman O'Connor
Psychotherapist, MPsych, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Hi I'm Jim O'Connor clinical psychotherapist and relationship therapist. I help people overcome the challenges they face in their relationships. If you're someone who is single and wishing to get into a relationship but you don't know how to find the right person, then I can help. If your in a relationship and you want to create more connection, I can show you how. If you're in an abusive relationship and you don't know if you should leave or stay I can help you decide and I will support you what ever you decide. If it has anything to do with dating or relating in the modern world I can help.
Hi I'm Jim O'Connor clinical psychotherapist and relationship therapist. I help people overcome the challenges they face in their relationships. If you're someone who is single and wishing to get into a relationship but you don't know how to find the right person, then I can help. If your in a relationship and you want to create more connection, I can show you how. If you're in an abusive relationship and you don't know if you should leave or stay I can help you decide and I will support you what ever you decide. If it has anything to do with dating or relating in the modern world I can help.
(02) 9100 0073 View (02) 9100 0073
Photo of Angela Mifsud, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Angela Mifsud
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000
I appreciate seeing a psychologist can be daunting. The idea of being vulnerable and sharing your struggles with someone you just met can be tough. I really admire my clients – taking the brave step to commence therapy and honour that they recognise life can be better. We all deserve to be at peace, experience joy and live our lives in alignment to our values. I hope to support people on that journey.
I appreciate seeing a psychologist can be daunting. The idea of being vulnerable and sharing your struggles with someone you just met can be tough. I really admire my clients – taking the brave step to commence therapy and honour that they recognise life can be better. We all deserve to be at peace, experience joy and live our lives in alignment to our values. I hope to support people on that journey.
(02) 9100 0699 View (02) 9100 0699
Photo of Rashneel Prasad - Multilingual Therapist , Counsellor in Sydney, NSW
Rashneel Prasad - Multilingual Therapist
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Life's journey is marked by various transitions, and I'm here to provide dedicated support every step of the way. Whether you're navigating career shifts, adapting to new cultures, facing relationship changes, or coping with loss, I'm committed to partnering with you to tackle challenges with confidence and hope. As a registered counsellor, I prioritise your unique needs, whilst offering a nurturing space for self-exploration, healing, and personal growth.
Life's journey is marked by various transitions, and I'm here to provide dedicated support every step of the way. Whether you're navigating career shifts, adapting to new cultures, facing relationship changes, or coping with loss, I'm committed to partnering with you to tackle challenges with confidence and hope. As a registered counsellor, I prioritise your unique needs, whilst offering a nurturing space for self-exploration, healing, and personal growth.
(02) 9100 0539 View (02) 9100 0539
Photo of Robyn Paula Adler, Psychotherapist in Sydney, NSW
Robyn Paula Adler
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000
Through understanding and engaging with difficult memories and experiences from the past, more space becomes possible for spontaneity, free from anxiety and self-denigration, a genuine ability to respond more fully, in the present, to those people close to you and in work situations. Rather than reacting in old and unhelpful ways, through a supportive therapeutic relationship where difficult issues can be thought about and talked through together, new conscious choices for your life are possible and energy and full potential realised.
Through understanding and engaging with difficult memories and experiences from the past, more space becomes possible for spontaneity, free from anxiety and self-denigration, a genuine ability to respond more fully, in the present, to those people close to you and in work situations. Rather than reacting in old and unhelpful ways, through a supportive therapeutic relationship where difficult issues can be thought about and talked through together, new conscious choices for your life are possible and energy and full potential realised.
(02) 9100 0087 View (02) 9100 0087
Photo of Nicole Langman, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Nicole Langman
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000
I am an AHPRA registered Clinical Psychologist working with a variety of mental health, emotional and relational challenges. I have a particular interest in working with people experiencing longstanding mood and anxiety challenges, complex PTSD/trauma, dissociation, eating disorders, as well as relationship concerns. I value taking an evidence-based approach that engages with clients collaboratively and is tailored to individual needs.
I am an AHPRA registered Clinical Psychologist working with a variety of mental health, emotional and relational challenges. I have a particular interest in working with people experiencing longstanding mood and anxiety challenges, complex PTSD/trauma, dissociation, eating disorders, as well as relationship concerns. I value taking an evidence-based approach that engages with clients collaboratively and is tailored to individual needs.
(02) 9100 0946 View (02) 9100 0946
Photo of Relationship Therapy/ Marriage Counselling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sydney, NSW
Relationship Therapy/ Marriage Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Are your fights increasing and you're sick of the constant conflict with no resolution? Are you on the brink of separation or divorce? Don't lose hope. There absolutely IS a way out of chronic conflict and loneliness, emptiness and pain. You’re tired even exhausted, and you may have tried everything. I can help you so you don’t have to let your love evaporate. I have spent years and years studying many methods of couples therapy and even reaching certification level as a Certified Gottman Couples Therapist. I can walk beside you and show you skilful means to building a better way to live, bond and rebuild love.
Are your fights increasing and you're sick of the constant conflict with no resolution? Are you on the brink of separation or divorce? Don't lose hope. There absolutely IS a way out of chronic conflict and loneliness, emptiness and pain. You’re tired even exhausted, and you may have tried everything. I can help you so you don’t have to let your love evaporate. I have spent years and years studying many methods of couples therapy and even reaching certification level as a Certified Gottman Couples Therapist. I can walk beside you and show you skilful means to building a better way to live, bond and rebuild love.
(02) 9541 8469 View (02) 9541 8469
Photo of Dipak Jilka, Psychotherapist in Sydney, NSW
Dipak Jilka
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
There are times in our lives when we get that sinking feeling that something is not right. Such moments often follow major life events, such as grieving for a loved one, the break-up of a relationship, moving countries, facing health issues or even children leaving home and retirement. Other times, they appear from nowhere. Resulting feelings can be so pervasive that they impact our mental, emotional and physical well-being, creating conflict in relationships and impact our ability to function. They may also start manifesting in one’s seeking isolation, inability to see joy in life and can lead to depressive conditions.
There are times in our lives when we get that sinking feeling that something is not right. Such moments often follow major life events, such as grieving for a loved one, the break-up of a relationship, moving countries, facing health issues or even children leaving home and retirement. Other times, they appear from nowhere. Resulting feelings can be so pervasive that they impact our mental, emotional and physical well-being, creating conflict in relationships and impact our ability to function. They may also start manifesting in one’s seeking isolation, inability to see joy in life and can lead to depressive conditions.
(02) 9159 6091 View (02) 9159 6091
Photo of Tara Trewartha, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Tara Trewartha
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds, and pride myself on providing a safe, compassionate and non-judgemental space. I am passionate about helping people to build on their individual strengths and develop new skills. If you are hoping to experience a greater quality of life, find some direction, or achieve your goals, it would be a privilege for me to offer you guidance and support.
I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds, and pride myself on providing a safe, compassionate and non-judgemental space. I am passionate about helping people to build on their individual strengths and develop new skills. If you are hoping to experience a greater quality of life, find some direction, or achieve your goals, it would be a privilege for me to offer you guidance and support.
(02) 9100 0805 View (02) 9100 0805
Photo of Dr Nicole Louise Clement, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Dr Nicole Louise Clement
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
I have helped my clients to face and eventually embrace the many challenges that life presents, finding a constructive and individually unique way forward.
I have helped my clients to face and eventually embrace the many challenges that life presents, finding a constructive and individually unique way forward.
(02) 9100 0143 View (02) 9100 0143
Photo of Grief Talk- Mariam Middleton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sydney, NSW
Grief Talk- Mariam Middleton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AASW
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
At Grief Talk, Mariam offers individual counselling sessions, support groups, and workshops to individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Whether someone has experienced the loss of a loved one, the end of a significant relationship, or any other form of profound loss, Mariam provides unwavering support and guidance through the healing process. Mariam empowers her clients to navigate the complex emotions of grief, fostering resilience, self-compassion, and personal growth. She helps individuals develop healthy coping strategies, gain a deeper understanding of their emotions, and find meaning and purpose in their lives once again.
At Grief Talk, Mariam offers individual counselling sessions, support groups, and workshops to individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Whether someone has experienced the loss of a loved one, the end of a significant relationship, or any other form of profound loss, Mariam provides unwavering support and guidance through the healing process. Mariam empowers her clients to navigate the complex emotions of grief, fostering resilience, self-compassion, and personal growth. She helps individuals develop healthy coping strategies, gain a deeper understanding of their emotions, and find meaning and purpose in their lives once again.
(02) 9100 0757 View (02) 9100 0757
Photo of Venn Health, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Venn Health
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Lisa is the principal psychologist at Venn Health, whose goal is to support clients through their individual challenges. Lisa aims to provide a warm, comfortable, and non-judgemental environment to foster a therapeutic partnership that works for you. Lisa is interested in working with a diverse range of clients, including adults and couples. She has an interest in working with people experiencing stress, anxiety, interpersonal and self-esteem difficulties, adjustment, workplace issues, depressed or low mood, adjustment, couples and relationship counselling.
Lisa is the principal psychologist at Venn Health, whose goal is to support clients through their individual challenges. Lisa aims to provide a warm, comfortable, and non-judgemental environment to foster a therapeutic partnership that works for you. Lisa is interested in working with a diverse range of clients, including adults and couples. She has an interest in working with people experiencing stress, anxiety, interpersonal and self-esteem difficulties, adjustment, workplace issues, depressed or low mood, adjustment, couples and relationship counselling.
(02) 9100 0885 View (02) 9100 0885
Photo of Katherine Sayer-Jones, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Katherine Sayer-Jones
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello, my name is Katherine and I know starting therapy can be daunting. I'm a Clinical Psychologist who creates a safe and creative space for you to explore your inner workings with care. I like to bring kindness and a sense of humour to therapy so you can relax and be yourself. We will work on practical strategies first to get swift improvements, then move to longer term strategies if you choose. I encourage all new referrals, especially adults aged 16+ struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, chronic stress, body image, weight concerns, or ADHD (diagnosed or questioning).
Hello, my name is Katherine and I know starting therapy can be daunting. I'm a Clinical Psychologist who creates a safe and creative space for you to explore your inner workings with care. I like to bring kindness and a sense of humour to therapy so you can relax and be yourself. We will work on practical strategies first to get swift improvements, then move to longer term strategies if you choose. I encourage all new referrals, especially adults aged 16+ struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, chronic stress, body image, weight concerns, or ADHD (diagnosed or questioning).
(02) 9100 0809 View (02) 9100 0809
Photo of Thinking Feeling Moving, Counsellor in Sydney, NSW
Thinking Feeling Moving
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000  (Online Only)
Email or WhatsApp for an appointment +447543800297 lisa(at)thinkingfeelingmoving.com I work remotely online. Contact for an initial free 30 min chat. I am a Clinical Sexologist, Relationship Therapist, Counsellor, Yoga Teacher, Yoga Therapist, and Educator.
Email or WhatsApp for an appointment +447543800297 lisa(at)thinkingfeelingmoving.com I work remotely online. Contact for an initial free 30 min chat. I am a Clinical Sexologist, Relationship Therapist, Counsellor, Yoga Teacher, Yoga Therapist, and Educator.
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Photo of Kresh Pidial, Psychologist in Sydney, NSW
Kresh Pidial
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Kresh is a registered Psychologist passionate about helping individuals live a more fulfilled life. Her collaborative, warm and supportive style enables clients to understand their current situation and the strategies needed to overcome challenges. She provides a safe space for clients to be heard and supported.
Kresh is a registered Psychologist passionate about helping individuals live a more fulfilled life. Her collaborative, warm and supportive style enables clients to understand their current situation and the strategies needed to overcome challenges. She provides a safe space for clients to be heard and supported.
(02) 9100 0573 View (02) 9100 0573
Photo of Vassilka Dimitrova, Psychotherapist in Sydney, NSW
Vassilka Dimitrova
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Brave souls, we live our lives to the best of our abilities; we aim to achieve our dreams with what life has to offer us. However, due to various reasons, and often beyond our control, we might hide from ourselves ... in ourselves, or in other people. Depression, anxiety, personality disorders, dissociative features, psychotic experiences ... We fall, we rise. We laugh, we love, we feel anger and pain. In a conversation with another we could find our way out of this state of being lost in these states. Recovery from trauma perhaps is not about forgetting the past; perhaps it's about expanding your Self, your narrative.
Brave souls, we live our lives to the best of our abilities; we aim to achieve our dreams with what life has to offer us. However, due to various reasons, and often beyond our control, we might hide from ourselves ... in ourselves, or in other people. Depression, anxiety, personality disorders, dissociative features, psychotic experiences ... We fall, we rise. We laugh, we love, we feel anger and pain. In a conversation with another we could find our way out of this state of being lost in these states. Recovery from trauma perhaps is not about forgetting the past; perhaps it's about expanding your Self, your narrative.
0493 627 800 View 0493 627 800

See more therapy options for Sydney

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Sydney, NSW

800+

Average cost per session

$176

Counsellors in Sydney, NSW who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
83% Depression
80% Stress
78% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Medicare Rebates
52% Bupa
44% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in Sydney, NSW see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Sydney?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.