Psychologists and Therapists in Turner, ACT

Photo of Ashley Thomson - Braddon Counselling, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Braddon Counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
1 Endorsed
Turner, ACT 2612
Our struggles often have a terrible feeling of familiarity. The great lie of these familiar struggles is that they are unalterable. This is the value of counselling: the patterns we know are made new and changeable in the therapeutic encounter. I seek to bring a nonjudgmental, empathetic attunement to your experience to make the path of insight and change safe for you to tread. If it is relevant to your reasons for seeking support: I oppose colonial settlerism, imperialism and the US and Australia-backed genocide of Palestinians in occupied Palestine, and support land back for First Nations peoples and gender-affirming care.
Our struggles often have a terrible feeling of familiarity. The great lie of these familiar struggles is that they are unalterable. This is the value of counselling: the patterns we know are made new and changeable in the therapeutic encounter. I seek to bring a nonjudgmental, empathetic attunement to your experience to make the path of insight and change safe for you to tread. If it is relevant to your reasons for seeking support: I oppose colonial settlerism, imperialism and the US and Australia-backed genocide of Palestinians in occupied Palestine, and support land back for First Nations peoples and gender-affirming care.
(02) 5137 7173 View (02) 5137 7173
Photo of Deborah Lowndes, Psychotherapist
Deborah Lowndes
Psychotherapist
Online Only
I work as an integrative psychotherapist, approaching each client with care, non-judgment, and collaboration, deeply respecting each client’s unique experience. I trust my clients are the experts of their lives, and this guides our work together. To support this process, I draw upon psychodynamic, body-based, and person-centered frameworks, honouring clients’ unique needs and lived experiences. I work with people experiencing relational difficulties and life transitions that lead to confusion and a loss of self.
I work as an integrative psychotherapist, approaching each client with care, non-judgment, and collaboration, deeply respecting each client’s unique experience. I trust my clients are the experts of their lives, and this guides our work together. To support this process, I draw upon psychodynamic, body-based, and person-centered frameworks, honouring clients’ unique needs and lived experiences. I work with people experiencing relational difficulties and life transitions that lead to confusion and a loss of self.
(02) 4312 8501 View (02) 4312 8501
Photo of Madeleine Davies, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Madeleine Davies
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Turner, ACT 2612
Many of my clients arrive at a point of transition - a pregnancy, a diagnosis, a relationship shift, or a quiet sense that something needs to change. I have a particular passion for supporting women through perinatal experiences, perimenopause, and challenges around sexual health and wellbeing, including pain during sex and low desire. I also work across anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, and disordered eating with people of all genders. Whatever brings you here, I'm interested in the whole picture - not just the presenting problem. If you're looking for a space that's honest, grounded, and genuinely collaborative - lets chat!
Many of my clients arrive at a point of transition - a pregnancy, a diagnosis, a relationship shift, or a quiet sense that something needs to change. I have a particular passion for supporting women through perinatal experiences, perimenopause, and challenges around sexual health and wellbeing, including pain during sex and low desire. I also work across anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, and disordered eating with people of all genders. Whatever brings you here, I'm interested in the whole picture - not just the presenting problem. If you're looking for a space that's honest, grounded, and genuinely collaborative - lets chat!
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Photo of Renee Janssen-Gibson, Counsellor, PACFA
Renee Janssen-Gibson
Counsellor, PACFA
Turner, ACT 2612
I hold a safe space where you can be yourself and be fully listened to in a way that may be different from what you have experienced before. Having the freedom to talk about confusing thoughts and feelings will eventually allow you to understand yourself better. I believe that the quality of the relationship we build together is key to fostering safe and in-depth self-exploration and healing. I foster authentic and meaningful communication and connection to strengthen your sense of self. I am passionate about helping you understand, process and accept your inner experiences and trust your inherent resources to resolve them.
I hold a safe space where you can be yourself and be fully listened to in a way that may be different from what you have experienced before. Having the freedom to talk about confusing thoughts and feelings will eventually allow you to understand yourself better. I believe that the quality of the relationship we build together is key to fostering safe and in-depth self-exploration and healing. I foster authentic and meaningful communication and connection to strengthen your sense of self. I am passionate about helping you understand, process and accept your inner experiences and trust your inherent resources to resolve them.
(02) 5119 2376 View (02) 5119 2376
Photo of Susi West - Susi West, Counsellor, PACFA
Susi West
Counsellor, PACFA
Turner, ACT 2612
I work primarily with folks who’re struggling in their relationships. Mostly, I work with romantic partners, but also with mothers & daughters, business partners, friends and individuals. My clients typically have difficulties in communicating effectively with others, especially during conflict when they’re feeling all the feelings. Clients also often approach me because they’ve been betrayed in relationship. Sometimes, there’s been an affair, an experience of sexual assault, or an unexpected separation...
I work primarily with folks who’re struggling in their relationships. Mostly, I work with romantic partners, but also with mothers & daughters, business partners, friends and individuals. My clients typically have difficulties in communicating effectively with others, especially during conflict when they’re feeling all the feelings. Clients also often approach me because they’ve been betrayed in relationship. Sometimes, there’s been an affair, an experience of sexual assault, or an unexpected separation...
(02) 5118 9041 View (02) 5118 9041
Photo of Caroline Rees, Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Caroline Rees
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Turner, ACT 2612
Are you stuck in the same arguments, feeling unheard, or noticing a growing distance? Or maybe you’re tired of repeating old patterns, feeling too much or not enough? Whether you’re in a relationship, healing from one, or longing for healthier connection, I offer support to help you improve and repair your relationships.
Are you stuck in the same arguments, feeling unheard, or noticing a growing distance? Or maybe you’re tired of repeating old patterns, feeling too much or not enough? Whether you’re in a relationship, healing from one, or longing for healthier connection, I offer support to help you improve and repair your relationships.
(02) 5135 5134 View (02) 5135 5134
Photo of Elmarie Bekker - Elmarie Bekker Counselling Canberra, Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Elmarie Bekker Counselling Canberra
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
2 Endorsed
Turner, ACT 2612
Life can be hard! Are you stuck within relationships, family issues, anxiety, depression, social isolation, identity issues, trauma, loss and grief, or living with neurodivergence and marital problems? In my counselling rooms, you will find a safe refuge to explore your story, strengths and challenges, to create alternative ways of thinking and feeling, and devise new strategies to live life with more satisfaction. Counselling sessions are available in person or online to any individual aged 12 years and older, and to couples or families seeking change.
Life can be hard! Are you stuck within relationships, family issues, anxiety, depression, social isolation, identity issues, trauma, loss and grief, or living with neurodivergence and marital problems? In my counselling rooms, you will find a safe refuge to explore your story, strengths and challenges, to create alternative ways of thinking and feeling, and devise new strategies to live life with more satisfaction. Counselling sessions are available in person or online to any individual aged 12 years and older, and to couples or families seeking change.
(02) 5133 8133 View (02) 5133 8133
Photo of Rebecca Tregurtha - Rebecca Tregurtha Counsellor in Canberra, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Rebecca Tregurtha Counsellor in Canberra
Counsellor, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Turner, ACT 2612
Is the way you’ve always coped no longer sustainable? If you’re a neurodivergent adult (Autism, ADHD, AuDHD) feeling adrift, exhausted, or stuck in a cycle of self-criticism, there is a different way to live. Whether you are navigating burnout, new diagnosis, or a life transition, I provide a neuro-affirming space to pause, process, and trade "shoulds" for self-compassion. Let’s move beyond masking and surviving, and start building a life that feels authentic to you. I am an ACA registered counsellor with lived experience of neurodivergence, offering in-person sessions in Canberra's Inner North or by tele-health Australia-wide.
Is the way you’ve always coped no longer sustainable? If you’re a neurodivergent adult (Autism, ADHD, AuDHD) feeling adrift, exhausted, or stuck in a cycle of self-criticism, there is a different way to live. Whether you are navigating burnout, new diagnosis, or a life transition, I provide a neuro-affirming space to pause, process, and trade "shoulds" for self-compassion. Let’s move beyond masking and surviving, and start building a life that feels authentic to you. I am an ACA registered counsellor with lived experience of neurodivergence, offering in-person sessions in Canberra's Inner North or by tele-health Australia-wide.
(02) 5121 9019 View (02) 5121 9019
Photo of Deborah Durie, Counsellor, PACFA
Deborah Durie
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Turner, ACT 2612
People often feel confused, unsure or overwhelmed. Anxiety, distress, emotional pain and sadness can impede one's ability to engage fully in life. I will work with you to explore your own strengths, and build your resilience and coping skills. Together we will explore your challenges, and find ways to move forward. Safety, warmth and respect for individual differences are key to my approach. With a foundation of trauma informed practice, I use strengths based, person centred counselling, deep listening, art therapy, goal setting and mindfulness meditation. I have counselled people from all walks of life, on all life's challenges.
People often feel confused, unsure or overwhelmed. Anxiety, distress, emotional pain and sadness can impede one's ability to engage fully in life. I will work with you to explore your own strengths, and build your resilience and coping skills. Together we will explore your challenges, and find ways to move forward. Safety, warmth and respect for individual differences are key to my approach. With a foundation of trauma informed practice, I use strengths based, person centred counselling, deep listening, art therapy, goal setting and mindfulness meditation. I have counselled people from all walks of life, on all life's challenges.
(02) 5118 9033 View (02) 5118 9033
Photo of Eleanor Crowther, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Eleanor Crowther
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Turner, ACT 2612
My passion is working with clients that are seeking to enhance their self-understanding and relationship with their bodies. They may face challenges such as eating disorders, body dysmorphia, or body image concerns. Additionally, they might be navigating women's health issues like Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder or perinatal mental health challenges, or are exploring their gender, sexuality, or identity within the LGBTQIA+ community. I also have experience working with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship concerns and general life stressors.
My passion is working with clients that are seeking to enhance their self-understanding and relationship with their bodies. They may face challenges such as eating disorders, body dysmorphia, or body image concerns. Additionally, they might be navigating women's health issues like Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder or perinatal mental health challenges, or are exploring their gender, sexuality, or identity within the LGBTQIA+ community. I also have experience working with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship concerns and general life stressors.
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Photo of Sally Leonie Bundy - aha moments Sally Bramley Therapist, Psychotherapist, PACFA
aha moments Sally Bramley Therapist
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Turner, ACT 2612
I offer a growth-oriented, contextual and relational approach to working with people. The Gestalt approach embraces a person's physical, psychological, intellectual, emotional, interpersonal and spiritual experience holistically. Each of these interconnected aspects of living is considered inseparable from a person's environment, history and culture.
I offer a growth-oriented, contextual and relational approach to working with people. The Gestalt approach embraces a person's physical, psychological, intellectual, emotional, interpersonal and spiritual experience holistically. Each of these interconnected aspects of living is considered inseparable from a person's environment, history and culture.
(02) 5137 7773 View (02) 5137 7773
Photo of Jason Yianni, Counsellor, MSc, PACFA
Jason Yianni
Counsellor, MSc, PACFA
Turner, ACT 2612
Hi, I am Jason and at Stronger Self Psychotherapy and Counselling I recognise that throughout our lives we all have struggles and difficulties. There are times we need support and someone to work with us on our challenges. It takes courage to seek out help when you need it and I am glad you have looked at this entry as a possible place to find support.
Hi, I am Jason and at Stronger Self Psychotherapy and Counselling I recognise that throughout our lives we all have struggles and difficulties. There are times we need support and someone to work with us on our challenges. It takes courage to seek out help when you need it and I am glad you have looked at this entry as a possible place to find support.
(02) 5133 6502 View (02) 5133 6502
Photo of Alison Scott, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Alison Scott
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you alone in your pain? Don't feel good on the inside? Can't trust? Not sure who to talk to about all the hurt you're holding onto? Maybe all you really want is to feel close to someone. Someone who will be gentle with you and work slowly with you. Someone who wants to understand you just the way you are. No-one wants to feel separate. We all crave close human connection. To belong. To know we matter.
Are you alone in your pain? Don't feel good on the inside? Can't trust? Not sure who to talk to about all the hurt you're holding onto? Maybe all you really want is to feel close to someone. Someone who will be gentle with you and work slowly with you. Someone who wants to understand you just the way you are. No-one wants to feel separate. We all crave close human connection. To belong. To know we matter.
(02) 5944 1680 View (02) 5944 1680
Photo of Vaneitha Balakrishnan, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Vaneitha Balakrishnan
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
Vaneitha believes human beings are complex beings, challenged by life and our experiences, disconnected or misaligned with our true self, but also capable of transformation. Vanietha journeys side by side with her clients in this transformative process, promoting healing and ability to re-connect with life and others in a meaningful way again. The recovery process is a journey evolving over time, moving away from an undesired state to a state of renewal and wellbeing. Vaneitha is a child, adolescent and adult clinical counsellor and psychotherapist with 17 years of experience.
Vaneitha believes human beings are complex beings, challenged by life and our experiences, disconnected or misaligned with our true self, but also capable of transformation. Vanietha journeys side by side with her clients in this transformative process, promoting healing and ability to re-connect with life and others in a meaningful way again. The recovery process is a journey evolving over time, moving away from an undesired state to a state of renewal and wellbeing. Vaneitha is a child, adolescent and adult clinical counsellor and psychotherapist with 17 years of experience.
(02) 5120 2068 View (02) 5120 2068
Photo of Rodney Ts - Help Now Group, Social Worker, AMHSW
Help Now Group
Social Worker, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
The ideal person coming into see me are committing to change for themselves. I see their ideal goals are finding peace with their trauma, anxiety, depression, and etc. I see that they are looking for a calm place even if they have not experienced this in their life before.
The ideal person coming into see me are committing to change for themselves. I see their ideal goals are finding peace with their trauma, anxiety, depression, and etc. I see that they are looking for a calm place even if they have not experienced this in their life before.
(02) 5133 8472 View (02) 5133 8472
Photo of Deborah May, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Deborah May
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with couples and individuals in distress. Whether from past trauma, grief, loss or disorientation in the face of challenging life events, I can help you heal and integrate past wounds or find the resolve to move forward. If you’re an individual facing bereavement, serious illness, marginalisation, or the loss of work or relationship, I can help. If you’re a couple experiencing conflict, needing to find a way forward, I can help. Knowing someone cares, is deeply listening and can meet your deepest fears and unresolved feelings can be truly life-changing - I know!
I work with couples and individuals in distress. Whether from past trauma, grief, loss or disorientation in the face of challenging life events, I can help you heal and integrate past wounds or find the resolve to move forward. If you’re an individual facing bereavement, serious illness, marginalisation, or the loss of work or relationship, I can help. If you’re a couple experiencing conflict, needing to find a way forward, I can help. Knowing someone cares, is deeply listening and can meet your deepest fears and unresolved feelings can be truly life-changing - I know!
(02) 5121 9374 View (02) 5121 9374
Photo of Tidus Artorius, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Tidus Artorius
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I’m a registered, LGBTQ+ affirming, and culturally sensitive psychologist who specialises in supporting clients across a wide spectrum of anxiety, depression, trauma, and mood-related difficulties. Many copes by turning their feelings inward, which can lead to longer-term emotional pain. There are often complex reasons we feel the way we do, and these can be difficult to articulate. These experiences may stem from past trauma, growing up challenges, or the cumulative impact of unprocessed emotions. Taking the first step can be difficult. There are effective ways to build resilience, and I’m here to support you through that process.
I’m a registered, LGBTQ+ affirming, and culturally sensitive psychologist who specialises in supporting clients across a wide spectrum of anxiety, depression, trauma, and mood-related difficulties. Many copes by turning their feelings inward, which can lead to longer-term emotional pain. There are often complex reasons we feel the way we do, and these can be difficult to articulate. These experiences may stem from past trauma, growing up challenges, or the cumulative impact of unprocessed emotions. Taking the first step can be difficult. There are effective ways to build resilience, and I’m here to support you through that process.
(02) 7804 4472 View (02) 7804 4472

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kelly Kelbrick, Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Kelly Kelbrick
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Phillip, ACT 2606
Coming from a sub-acute background, I am trained in DBT for suicidal ideation, which forms a core part of my approach. My goal is to empower clients by helping them gain insights into their emotions and behaviors, equipping them with practical tools to manage challenges effectively. Together, we work towards identifying their unique strengths, developing safety plans, and setting achievable goals for their mental well-being.
Coming from a sub-acute background, I am trained in DBT for suicidal ideation, which forms a core part of my approach. My goal is to empower clients by helping them gain insights into their emotions and behaviors, equipping them with practical tools to manage challenges effectively. Together, we work towards identifying their unique strengths, developing safety plans, and setting achievable goals for their mental well-being.
(02) 5133 6403 View (02) 5133 6403
Photo of Peta Meyerink, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Peta Meyerink
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Online Only
I work with perinatal clients, including expectant and new mums, alongside children and adolescents experiencing anxiety, burnout, overwhelm, parenting stress and emotional regulation challenges. Clients often come to therapy feeling stuck, emotionally drained or unsure how to manage ongoing stress. I offer supportive, evidence-based telehealth therapy tailored to each client’s needs. I help clients develop practical coping strategies, improve emotional wellbeing and feel more confident managing life’s challenges in a safe and supportive environment.
I work with perinatal clients, including expectant and new mums, alongside children and adolescents experiencing anxiety, burnout, overwhelm, parenting stress and emotional regulation challenges. Clients often come to therapy feeling stuck, emotionally drained or unsure how to manage ongoing stress. I offer supportive, evidence-based telehealth therapy tailored to each client’s needs. I help clients develop practical coping strategies, improve emotional wellbeing and feel more confident managing life’s challenges in a safe and supportive environment.
(02) 5121 9339 View (02) 5121 9339
Photo of Johan Torsteinsrud - Human Puzzles Counselling & Supervision Services, Counsellor, PACFA
My name is Johan Torsteinsrud, and my private practice is called Human Puzzles. I am a PACFA-certified professional counsellor who works mostly with international clients, with over ten years of experience in helping people from all walks of life find their way through life’s many challenges. My counselling sessions are conducted online. This provides a convenient and safe way for people to access support without the added stress of travelling to an office. I strive to create a safe space for all genders, races, cultures, bodies, sexual orientations, family constellations, and relationships.
My name is Johan Torsteinsrud, and my private practice is called Human Puzzles. I am a PACFA-certified professional counsellor who works mostly with international clients, with over ten years of experience in helping people from all walks of life find their way through life’s many challenges. My counselling sessions are conducted online. This provides a convenient and safe way for people to access support without the added stress of travelling to an office. I strive to create a safe space for all genders, races, cultures, bodies, sexual orientations, family constellations, and relationships.
(02) 9100 0570 View (02) 9100 0570

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Turner, ACT

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Psychologists and Therapists in Turner, ACT who prioritize treating:

94% Depression
94% Anxiety
88% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
65% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Bupa
40% Medicare Rebates
40% Medibank Private

How Psychologists and Therapists in Turner, ACT see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Turner?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.