Psychologists and Therapists in Holt, ACT

Healing Centred Counselling
Social Worker, AASW
Holt, ACT 2615
Healing Centred Counselling provides support for people 18+ who have experienced family, domestic and sexual violence; addiction, and other traumas.
Healing Centred Counselling provides support for people 18+ who have experienced family, domestic and sexual violence; addiction, and other traumas.
(02) 5133 6271 View (02) 5133 6271
Anna - Text Counselling Online
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not everyone wants to talk out loud. Some people prefer text. Maybe you prefer having space to think as you type, maybe it's less overwhelming, less pressure, or maybe it's just more comfortable for you. Whatever your reason, I'm here to help. I offer text-based counselling, where we use text through the entire session with no speaking or listening required (unless you want it!).
Not everyone wants to talk out loud. Some people prefer text. Maybe you prefer having space to think as you type, maybe it's less overwhelming, less pressure, or maybe it's just more comfortable for you. Whatever your reason, I'm here to help. I offer text-based counselling, where we use text through the entire session with no speaking or listening required (unless you want it!).
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Anel Grobler
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I’m an experienced Group Analyst and Psychotherapist offering a reflective space to explore the deeper patterns shaping your emotional world and relationships. I work collaboratively to help you better understand your inner landscape, make sense of your experiences, and find new possibilities for growth. If you’re curious about working together, you’re welcome to book a free 15-minute video call to explore what might suit you best. I work with individuals, couples, and groups. Please reach out if you are a professional and interested in supervision or training in group therapy.
I’m an experienced Group Analyst and Psychotherapist offering a reflective space to explore the deeper patterns shaping your emotional world and relationships. I work collaboratively to help you better understand your inner landscape, make sense of your experiences, and find new possibilities for growth. If you’re curious about working together, you’re welcome to book a free 15-minute video call to explore what might suit you best. I work with individuals, couples, and groups. Please reach out if you are a professional and interested in supervision or training in group therapy.
0449 169 626 View 0449 169 626
Lauren O'Donoghue
Psychotherapist, ACA-L1
Serves Area
I support Queer, Neurodivergent, Chronically ill & Disabled folk, or anyone who may have felt misunderstood in typical clinical settings. I integrate my lived experience with professional expertise to support clients navigating AuDHD, burnout, life transitions, relationship or workplace challenges, anxiety, substance use concerns etc. I help people to make meaning, heal hurt, find their spark, cope with suffering, and come home to themselves. My work is grounded in social justice principals, and guided by my values of authenticity, integrity, humour, agency, and joy.
I support Queer, Neurodivergent, Chronically ill & Disabled folk, or anyone who may have felt misunderstood in typical clinical settings. I integrate my lived experience with professional expertise to support clients navigating AuDHD, burnout, life transitions, relationship or workplace challenges, anxiety, substance use concerns etc. I help people to make meaning, heal hurt, find their spark, cope with suffering, and come home to themselves. My work is grounded in social justice principals, and guided by my values of authenticity, integrity, humour, agency, and joy.
0403 912 902 View 0403 912 902

More Therapists Nearby

Rebecca Tregurtha Counsellor in Canberra
Counsellor, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Turner, ACT 2612
Is the way you’ve always coped no longer sustainable? If you’re a neurodivergent adult (Autism, ADHD, AuDHD) feeling adrift, exhausted, or stuck in a cycle of self-criticism, there is a different way to live. Whether you are navigating burnout, new diagnosis, or a life transition, I provide a neuro-affirming space to pause, process, and trade "shoulds" for self-compassion. Let’s move beyond masking and surviving, and start building a life that feels authentic to you. I am an ACA registered counsellor with lived experience of neurodivergence, offering in-person sessions in Canberra's Inner North or by tele-health Australia-wide.
Is the way you’ve always coped no longer sustainable? If you’re a neurodivergent adult (Autism, ADHD, AuDHD) feeling adrift, exhausted, or stuck in a cycle of self-criticism, there is a different way to live. Whether you are navigating burnout, new diagnosis, or a life transition, I provide a neuro-affirming space to pause, process, and trade "shoulds" for self-compassion. Let’s move beyond masking and surviving, and start building a life that feels authentic to you. I am an ACA registered counsellor with lived experience of neurodivergence, offering in-person sessions in Canberra's Inner North or by tele-health Australia-wide.
(02) 5121 9019 View (02) 5121 9019
Jeanette Holland
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Griffith, ACT 2603
Overwhelmed by life’s challenges and feeling stuck, lonely, and isolated In your most important relationships? We can work together to uncover and understand the impact of childhood attachment, trauma, shame, bullying and racism on our relationships, chronic pain and addiction. Has your past prevented you from living the life and having the relationships you long for? Through therapy, we can gain insight and awareness into your inner distress and conflict and work towards healing, self acceptance, love and gratitude. You will also learn how to improve and understand your most important relationships.
Overwhelmed by life’s challenges and feeling stuck, lonely, and isolated In your most important relationships? We can work together to uncover and understand the impact of childhood attachment, trauma, shame, bullying and racism on our relationships, chronic pain and addiction. Has your past prevented you from living the life and having the relationships you long for? Through therapy, we can gain insight and awareness into your inner distress and conflict and work towards healing, self acceptance, love and gratitude. You will also learn how to improve and understand your most important relationships.
(02) 6188 7462 View (02) 6188 7462
The Awefull Therapist
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Phillip, ACT 2606
Looking for a therapist who 'just gets it'? I'm Maggie Whitbread and I work mainly with clients wanting to: overcome/manage anxiety, break out of cycles of behavior that no longer serve them, communicate better, understand themselves, navigate life transitions, and start living authentically and whole-heartedly. As my client, you'll benefit from my patience, warmth, sense of humor, and my open-minded, integrative, modern approach to therapy. My day job is with a perinatal counselling service, so I also specialise in supporting people through pregnancy and postpartum.
Looking for a therapist who 'just gets it'? I'm Maggie Whitbread and I work mainly with clients wanting to: overcome/manage anxiety, break out of cycles of behavior that no longer serve them, communicate better, understand themselves, navigate life transitions, and start living authentically and whole-heartedly. As my client, you'll benefit from my patience, warmth, sense of humor, and my open-minded, integrative, modern approach to therapy. My day job is with a perinatal counselling service, so I also specialise in supporting people through pregnancy and postpartum.
(02) 5944 3360 View (02) 5944 3360
Reed Clark
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
In-Person (Mount Gravatt QLD) or online Australia Wide. I am dedicated to improving men's mental health through empowering you to better understand your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in a way that enables you to live a higher life. Through engaging in therapy, you can feel heard, understood and helped, with a focus on developing practical tools to help you manage the challenges of life. I have 15 plus years of experience supporting men in Defence, hospitals, the veteran's community and in private practice, and believe that gaining insight into your own experience can lead to new ways of living.
In-Person (Mount Gravatt QLD) or online Australia Wide. I am dedicated to improving men's mental health through empowering you to better understand your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in a way that enables you to live a higher life. Through engaging in therapy, you can feel heard, understood and helped, with a focus on developing practical tools to help you manage the challenges of life. I have 15 plus years of experience supporting men in Defence, hospitals, the veteran's community and in private practice, and believe that gaining insight into your own experience can lead to new ways of living.
(07) 2801 6335 View (07) 2801 6335
Guided Hope Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
My name is Melissa, and I’m a credentialed therapist in Australia with 16 years of professional experience. Over the years, I’ve had the privilege of helping clients work through a variety of concerns, including stress, anxiety, trauma, abuse, and intimacy-related issues. My approach to therapy is centred on treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I firmly believe in the power of tailoring our sessions to fit your individual needs. My experience extends across a wide range of areas, including addictions, depression, trauma relationship and family issues, self-esteem, and managing stress as a caregiver.
My name is Melissa, and I’m a credentialed therapist in Australia with 16 years of professional experience. Over the years, I’ve had the privilege of helping clients work through a variety of concerns, including stress, anxiety, trauma, abuse, and intimacy-related issues. My approach to therapy is centred on treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I firmly believe in the power of tailoring our sessions to fit your individual needs. My experience extends across a wide range of areas, including addictions, depression, trauma relationship and family issues, self-esteem, and managing stress as a caregiver.
(03) 4150 1216 View (03) 4150 1216
Rod McBride
Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Serves Area
With over 40 years of experience as a psychologist — including extensive work with international organisations and the UN — I specialise in supporting people navigating life far from home. Whether you're adjusting to a new culture, managing the isolation of being an expat, dealing with relationship strain that relocation brings, or simply missing the familiar, I understand the unique pressures of living internationally. My approach is compassionate, practical, and grounded in real-world experience working across cultures. Sessions are available online globally, so distance is never a barrier
With over 40 years of experience as a psychologist — including extensive work with international organisations and the UN — I specialise in supporting people navigating life far from home. Whether you're adjusting to a new culture, managing the isolation of being an expat, dealing with relationship strain that relocation brings, or simply missing the familiar, I understand the unique pressures of living internationally. My approach is compassionate, practical, and grounded in real-world experience working across cultures. Sessions are available online globally, so distance is never a barrier
(02) 5133 8467 View (02) 5133 8467
Pivot Point Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am Glen Tanner, Clinical Psychologist and owner of Pivot Point Psychology in Orange, NSW. I hold a Master of Clinical Psychology and Bachelor of Psychological Science (Honours), and I am a member of the Australasian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA).I specialise in ADHD and ASD assessments, treatment and coaching for children, adolescents and adults. Using a neurodiversity-affirming approach, I help clients reduce overwhelm, improve focus and organisation, and harness their strengths. I also treat anxiety, depression, stress, trauma and other mental health concerns.In July 2026 I will launch the Orange ADHD Clinic.
I am Glen Tanner, Clinical Psychologist and owner of Pivot Point Psychology in Orange, NSW. I hold a Master of Clinical Psychology and Bachelor of Psychological Science (Honours), and I am a member of the Australasian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA).I specialise in ADHD and ASD assessments, treatment and coaching for children, adolescents and adults. Using a neurodiversity-affirming approach, I help clients reduce overwhelm, improve focus and organisation, and harness their strengths. I also treat anxiety, depression, stress, trauma and other mental health concerns.In July 2026 I will launch the Orange ADHD Clinic.
(02) 8403 1540 View (02) 8403 1540
Congruence Counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
4 Endorsed
Higgins, ACT 2615
Sometimes, thinking things through on our own stops being enough, and instead creates more fear, overwhelm and confusion. A supportive, structured space to explore can help you regain clarity and develop a sense of direction grounded in your unique and personal circumstances. I am a registered counsellor and logotherapist working with people who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain despite trying to make sense of their circumstances. I find meaning in attending to others as they make their way through challenges and opportunities. Our sessions are about witnessing and accompanying in a safe, but lively, environment.
Sometimes, thinking things through on our own stops being enough, and instead creates more fear, overwhelm and confusion. A supportive, structured space to explore can help you regain clarity and develop a sense of direction grounded in your unique and personal circumstances. I am a registered counsellor and logotherapist working with people who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain despite trying to make sense of their circumstances. I find meaning in attending to others as they make their way through challenges and opportunities. Our sessions are about witnessing and accompanying in a safe, but lively, environment.
(02) 5137 7829 View (02) 5137 7829
Krysia Kostrz
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Hello! I'm a neurodiversity-affirming psychologist, I'm neurodivergent & love working with people seeking to discover more about themselves. I'm lucky to be part of my client's moments of realisation, of clarity & understanding-when everything finally makes sense! I provide ADHD & Autism assessments for Adults & Therapy support for Children, Adolescents & Adults exploring their neurodivergent identity, those experiencing Anxiety, Depression, Stress, ADHD support & sensory & learning differences. I'm trauma-informed & provide EMDR Therapy. Appointments available in the next 1-2 weeks - my work is personal, relational & collaborative.
Hello! I'm a neurodiversity-affirming psychologist, I'm neurodivergent & love working with people seeking to discover more about themselves. I'm lucky to be part of my client's moments of realisation, of clarity & understanding-when everything finally makes sense! I provide ADHD & Autism assessments for Adults & Therapy support for Children, Adolescents & Adults exploring their neurodivergent identity, those experiencing Anxiety, Depression, Stress, ADHD support & sensory & learning differences. I'm trauma-informed & provide EMDR Therapy. Appointments available in the next 1-2 weeks - my work is personal, relational & collaborative.
(03) 4245 1035 View (03) 4245 1035
Louise McCabe
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work predominantly with women going through life transitions. This includes perimenopause or menopause, ending a relationship or starting one, going through redundancy or retrenchment, recovering from a substance addiction, changing careers, experiencing health issues – just to name a few. I have a special interest in working with women who are childless but not by choice. I also use my lived experience in the creative arts to help artists deal with the pressures and mental and emotional distress that can be part of this career.
I work predominantly with women going through life transitions. This includes perimenopause or menopause, ending a relationship or starting one, going through redundancy or retrenchment, recovering from a substance addiction, changing careers, experiencing health issues – just to name a few. I have a special interest in working with women who are childless but not by choice. I also use my lived experience in the creative arts to help artists deal with the pressures and mental and emotional distress that can be part of this career.
(08) 7008 9785 View (08) 7008 9785
Charlie McKeith
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Deakin, ACT 2600
Hey there. My name is Charlie. I work as a clinical psychologist at Climb Psychology in Canberra, offering face-to-face and telehealth appointments. I support people with anxiety, low mood, stress, health-related challenges, sports and performance struggles, and life changes. In my other job, I work at The Canberra Hospital across general medical, ICU and Oncology/Haematology, supporting patients and families experiencing a range of health-related difficulties. My approach focuses on connecting people to what matters most, understanding their stories in context, and helping them build skills to move forward or find balance.
Hey there. My name is Charlie. I work as a clinical psychologist at Climb Psychology in Canberra, offering face-to-face and telehealth appointments. I support people with anxiety, low mood, stress, health-related challenges, sports and performance struggles, and life changes. In my other job, I work at The Canberra Hospital across general medical, ICU and Oncology/Haematology, supporting patients and families experiencing a range of health-related difficulties. My approach focuses on connecting people to what matters most, understanding their stories in context, and helping them build skills to move forward or find balance.
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Pippa Matthews
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Deakin, ACT 2600
I have been working as a psychotherapist & counsellor for over 30yrs in a variety of government agencies (including sexual assault services, rape crisis services, victims of crime support services & women's health services) and private practice (11yrs in Sydney & 6yrs in Canberra). I have specialised in working with people whose histories include complex trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma and trauma in adulthood (including childhood sexual abuse, emotional & psychological abuse, childhood physical abuse, family violence, coercive control in relationships & adult rape). I also work with people struggling with PTSD.
I have been working as a psychotherapist & counsellor for over 30yrs in a variety of government agencies (including sexual assault services, rape crisis services, victims of crime support services & women's health services) and private practice (11yrs in Sydney & 6yrs in Canberra). I have specialised in working with people whose histories include complex trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma and trauma in adulthood (including childhood sexual abuse, emotional & psychological abuse, childhood physical abuse, family violence, coercive control in relationships & adult rape). I also work with people struggling with PTSD.
(02) 5926 2804 View (02) 5926 2804
Dr Chris Psychology
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm Chris. I'm a psychologist and endorsed Clinical Psychologist. I work with people of any gender (including members of the LGBTIQA+ community) 15 years and older to help with a wide range of problems with mental health and wellbeing, such as: Anxiety (including social anxiety), depression, changing unhelpful or unhealthy patterns of behaviour, supporting you through grief and loss or significant life changes, processing trauma, navigating relationship difficulties, helping you to manage challenging emotions such as anger and shame, and working to quiet self-criticism and develop self-compassion.
Hi, I'm Chris. I'm a psychologist and endorsed Clinical Psychologist. I work with people of any gender (including members of the LGBTIQA+ community) 15 years and older to help with a wide range of problems with mental health and wellbeing, such as: Anxiety (including social anxiety), depression, changing unhelpful or unhealthy patterns of behaviour, supporting you through grief and loss or significant life changes, processing trauma, navigating relationship difficulties, helping you to manage challenging emotions such as anger and shame, and working to quiet self-criticism and develop self-compassion.
(03) 7003 2883 View (03) 7003 2883
Christopher Edward Beards
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Online Only
I work with adults and adolescents navigating complex presentations; like eating disorders, trauma, personality difficulties, men's mental health, and LGBTQIA+ concerns. I also see NDIS participants and Defence personnel through the ADF. Many clients have tried general support and found it hasn't touched what they're actually dealing with; others can't access quality care where they live. Telehealth bridges that gap across regional and remote Australia. My sessions are collaborative, goal-focused, and evidence-based with an aim to build your capacity to manage your own wellbeing, in a space that is genuinely non-judgemental.
I work with adults and adolescents navigating complex presentations; like eating disorders, trauma, personality difficulties, men's mental health, and LGBTQIA+ concerns. I also see NDIS participants and Defence personnel through the ADF. Many clients have tried general support and found it hasn't touched what they're actually dealing with; others can't access quality care where they live. Telehealth bridges that gap across regional and remote Australia. My sessions are collaborative, goal-focused, and evidence-based with an aim to build your capacity to manage your own wellbeing, in a space that is genuinely non-judgemental.
(02) 7501 1359 View (02) 7501 1359
Christopher Garvie
Psychiatrist, FRANZCP
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
My therapy approach is from a relational perspective, informed by the Conversational Model of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and integrates specialised approaches such as EMDR. This allows me to support clients dealing with a wide range of experiences. I am a clinical member of the Australia and New Zealand Association of Psychotherapy (ANZAP), an Accredited Consultant with the EMDR Association of Australia (EMDRAA) and an Accredited member of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Faculty of Psychotherapy.
My therapy approach is from a relational perspective, informed by the Conversational Model of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and integrates specialised approaches such as EMDR. This allows me to support clients dealing with a wide range of experiences. I am a clinical member of the Australia and New Zealand Association of Psychotherapy (ANZAP), an Accredited Consultant with the EMDR Association of Australia (EMDRAA) and an Accredited member of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Faculty of Psychotherapy.
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Arena Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
3 Endorsed
Phillip, ACT 2606
Waitlist for new clients
My name is Stefanie, I am a PaCFA clinically registered counsellor and supervisor. I am trauma informed, neurodiversity affirming and a level 3 IFS therapist. I have lived experience of neurodiversity being ADHD. I work collaboratively, helping you to move beyond simply surviving and be able to deal with life stressors with greater ease. Working together, we will explore your experience and difficulties to achieve a deeper understanding of who you are; how you think, feel and behave. My goal is to encourage you to be curious about your internal world and to heal the parts of yourself that hold your emotional wounds.
My name is Stefanie, I am a PaCFA clinically registered counsellor and supervisor. I am trauma informed, neurodiversity affirming and a level 3 IFS therapist. I have lived experience of neurodiversity being ADHD. I work collaboratively, helping you to move beyond simply surviving and be able to deal with life stressors with greater ease. Working together, we will explore your experience and difficulties to achieve a deeper understanding of who you are; how you think, feel and behave. My goal is to encourage you to be curious about your internal world and to heal the parts of yourself that hold your emotional wounds.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Holt, ACT

< 10

Psychologists and Therapists in Holt, ACT who prioritize treating:

75% Relationship Issues
75% ADHD
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
75% Neurodivergence
50% Depression
50% Addiction

Average years in practice

3 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Psychologists and Therapists in Holt, ACT see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Holt?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.