Photo of Lucinda Pretorius - The Counsellor Collective - Lucinda Pretorius, Counsellor, ACA-L1
The Counsellor Collective - Lucinda Pretorius
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Lucinda is a committed, intuitive, warm and empathetic counsellor who believes that every person deserves to be heard, understood, and supported on their path to good health and personal growth. Her objective is to help individuals discover their purpose and reach their full potential through meaningful experiences, healing from trauma, and self-discovery. Lucinda has expertise in anxiety, digital addictions, and self-harm, and works with children, adolescents, adults, individuals, couples and family counselling. Her strengths-based, fun and interactive approach to counselling allows for hope and meaningful change.
Lucinda is a committed, intuitive, warm and empathetic counsellor who believes that every person deserves to be heard, understood, and supported on their path to good health and personal growth. Her objective is to help individuals discover their purpose and reach their full potential through meaningful experiences, healing from trauma, and self-discovery. Lucinda has expertise in anxiety, digital addictions, and self-harm, and works with children, adolescents, adults, individuals, couples and family counselling. Her strengths-based, fun and interactive approach to counselling allows for hope and meaningful change.
(08) 6109 8134 View (08) 6109 8134
Photo of Kylie Bell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Kylie Bell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hi there, I'm Kylie and I use best practice therapy approaches to help you overcome low mood, depression, severe anxiety, grief and parenting concerns. Are you worrying a lot more than usual and have certain thoughts 'on repeat' day and night? Has a big life event occurred that leaves you overwhelmed? Do you feel worthless, angry, hopeless, guilty, unmotivated? Just feeling stressed, overwrought and impatient? ​ I can help by giving you a chance to discuss what's going on and giving you some pointers about how thinking impacts our behaviour and relationships. I also help with families involved with the Family Court of WA.
Hi there, I'm Kylie and I use best practice therapy approaches to help you overcome low mood, depression, severe anxiety, grief and parenting concerns. Are you worrying a lot more than usual and have certain thoughts 'on repeat' day and night? Has a big life event occurred that leaves you overwhelmed? Do you feel worthless, angry, hopeless, guilty, unmotivated? Just feeling stressed, overwrought and impatient? ​ I can help by giving you a chance to discuss what's going on and giving you some pointers about how thinking impacts our behaviour and relationships. I also help with families involved with the Family Court of WA.
(08) 9540 0801 View (08) 9540 0801
Photo of Jo Morrison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jo Morrison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Serves Area
A Social Worker with 23+ years experience. I provide services online and mobile outreach (in community). My counselling style is person centred, trauma informed and flexible, meaning I'll use my skills, knowledge and experience to deliver counselling suited to your individual needs.
A Social Worker with 23+ years experience. I provide services online and mobile outreach (in community). My counselling style is person centred, trauma informed and flexible, meaning I'll use my skills, knowledge and experience to deliver counselling suited to your individual needs.
(08) 6493 7946 View (08) 6493 7946
Photo of Emma Wilkinson, Counsellor, PACFA
Emma Wilkinson
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Emma has 14 years of experience working with people who are healing and overcoming complex trauma, C-PTSD, depression, anxiety, attachment and dissociative disorders. She is especially interested in people resolving past hurts and trauma from childhood abuse and neglect. Emma is a wise, genuine, compassionate, gentle and non-judgmental, creating safety and trust within the therapeutic relationship, working collaboratively to achieve your goals. Emma is passionate about journeying with you to discover freedom from the past and living in a manner that allows you to be seen, heard, validated and known as a person with worth and value.
Emma has 14 years of experience working with people who are healing and overcoming complex trauma, C-PTSD, depression, anxiety, attachment and dissociative disorders. She is especially interested in people resolving past hurts and trauma from childhood abuse and neglect. Emma is a wise, genuine, compassionate, gentle and non-judgmental, creating safety and trust within the therapeutic relationship, working collaboratively to achieve your goals. Emma is passionate about journeying with you to discover freedom from the past and living in a manner that allows you to be seen, heard, validated and known as a person with worth and value.
(08) 6490 9045 View (08) 6490 9045
Photo of Cheryl Tan-Bell - Couples - Emdr, Counsellor, PACFA
Cheryl Tan-Bell - Couples - Emdr
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Relationships are tough! Add in each other's trauma and you are bouncing off everyone like you're in a jumping castle. The old adage of 'individual stuff' and 'couple/s stuff' is true. Conversations can feel like they are going around in circles or rehashing old stuff. You feel stuck. Your partner/s feels stuck. No one is moving forward. This wasn't the life you imagined when you got together. It was meant to be rainbows and fairytales, not discussions around housework, money and sex - or friends and inlaws! What if I told you that 'your stuff' is affecting the relationship? It's a big possibility. It does not have to be that way!
Relationships are tough! Add in each other's trauma and you are bouncing off everyone like you're in a jumping castle. The old adage of 'individual stuff' and 'couple/s stuff' is true. Conversations can feel like they are going around in circles or rehashing old stuff. You feel stuck. Your partner/s feels stuck. No one is moving forward. This wasn't the life you imagined when you got together. It was meant to be rainbows and fairytales, not discussions around housework, money and sex - or friends and inlaws! What if I told you that 'your stuff' is affecting the relationship? It's a big possibility. It does not have to be that way!
(08) 6171 2914 View (08) 6171 2914
Photo of Jess Rogers, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Jess Rogers
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
The decision to start therapy can be a little overwhelming. I respect your decision to come to therapy and will work with you to make the process as easy and as smooth as possible. I am passionate about providing therapy that is person-centered, compassionate, empathetic, and holistic. I tailor my interventions to each individual’s needs and draw from a range of modalities. I am committed to creating a safe, non-judgemental space that allows room for the exploration of difficult thoughts, feelings, and events. I pride myself on being an empathetic listener and have been known to sprinkle some humour into sessions where appropriate.
The decision to start therapy can be a little overwhelming. I respect your decision to come to therapy and will work with you to make the process as easy and as smooth as possible. I am passionate about providing therapy that is person-centered, compassionate, empathetic, and holistic. I tailor my interventions to each individual’s needs and draw from a range of modalities. I am committed to creating a safe, non-judgemental space that allows room for the exploration of difficult thoughts, feelings, and events. I pride myself on being an empathetic listener and have been known to sprinkle some humour into sessions where appropriate.
(08) 6206 8083 View (08) 6206 8083
Photo of Chioma Obimma, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Chioma Obimma
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate life's challenges, fostering resilience, and promoting overall mental well-being. My approach to therapy is client-centred and holistic, emphasizing the importance of building a trusting and empathetic relationship. I believe that every person has unique strengths and potentials, and my goal is to help you harness those qualities to overcome obstacles and achieve personal growth.
I specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate life's challenges, fostering resilience, and promoting overall mental well-being. My approach to therapy is client-centred and holistic, emphasizing the importance of building a trusting and empathetic relationship. I believe that every person has unique strengths and potentials, and my goal is to help you harness those qualities to overcome obstacles and achieve personal growth.
(08) 6171 2663 View (08) 6171 2663
Photo of Sebastian Lean Jerald, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sebastian Lean Jerald
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Life is full of turning points—some welcome, others more difficult to navigate. Many of my clients are adjusting to changes in their health, habits, or personal circumstances. Some feel caught in familiar patterns, while others seek deeper self-awareness. Their goals are just as unique—finding relief from stress, breaking unhelpful cycles, or building a stronger sense of inner steadiness.
Life is full of turning points—some welcome, others more difficult to navigate. Many of my clients are adjusting to changes in their health, habits, or personal circumstances. Some feel caught in familiar patterns, while others seek deeper self-awareness. Their goals are just as unique—finding relief from stress, breaking unhelpful cycles, or building a stronger sense of inner steadiness.
(08) 9509 6272 View (08) 9509 6272
Photo of Sue Jane Bell - Sheoak Counselling Pty Ltd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Sheoak Counselling Pty Ltd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have extensive experience working with domestic abuse and trauma. I use a trauma informed approach together with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) to help clients work through their challenges. I am a full member of EMDRAA.
I have extensive experience working with domestic abuse and trauma. I use a trauma informed approach together with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) to help clients work through their challenges. I am a full member of EMDRAA.
(08) 9515 3011 View (08) 9515 3011
Photo of Cynthia Deeble - Clear Mind Directive CMD Counselling Services, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Clear Mind Directive CMD Counselling Services
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I have been a mental health practitioner/clinician for over 15 years. Qualifications in Counselling, Health Science, Mental Health, Behavioural Science, and Education; Certified Professional ASD Clinical Specialist; Certified Clinical Trauma Professional Level II; Certified DBT Practitioner. I use various therapeutic methods with clients trauma, BPD, Autism, ADHD, and other MH. I specialise in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). I am a credited member of the Australian Counselling Association, WA Association of Mental Health, Australian & New Zealand Mental Health Association, and National Association of ATSI Health Practitioners.
I have been a mental health practitioner/clinician for over 15 years. Qualifications in Counselling, Health Science, Mental Health, Behavioural Science, and Education; Certified Professional ASD Clinical Specialist; Certified Clinical Trauma Professional Level II; Certified DBT Practitioner. I use various therapeutic methods with clients trauma, BPD, Autism, ADHD, and other MH. I specialise in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). I am a credited member of the Australian Counselling Association, WA Association of Mental Health, Australian & New Zealand Mental Health Association, and National Association of ATSI Health Practitioners.
(08) 6493 7767 View (08) 6493 7767
Photo of Iffeisha Gordon-Toppin - Transformative Mind Health & Wellness, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Transformative Mind Health & Wellness
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome to Transformative Mind where the health of your mind is our expertise. Our supports are based on the idea that humans can adjust their thinking based on new information. At Transformative Mind (TMHW), we use a number of approaches and techniques to meet the individual needs of each client, however the foundation of all support services is rooted in our passion for bringing more mindfulness and mind awareness to mental health. We believe in neuroplasticity, that changing and that mindfulness and mental health are just as important as your physical health. Our team will support you towards becoming the master of your mind. ​
Welcome to Transformative Mind where the health of your mind is our expertise. Our supports are based on the idea that humans can adjust their thinking based on new information. At Transformative Mind (TMHW), we use a number of approaches and techniques to meet the individual needs of each client, however the foundation of all support services is rooted in our passion for bringing more mindfulness and mind awareness to mental health. We believe in neuroplasticity, that changing and that mindfulness and mental health are just as important as your physical health. Our team will support you towards becoming the master of your mind. ​
(08) 9515 3937 View (08) 9515 3937
Photo of Kellie Sheldon - Trauma And Sex Counsellor Emdr, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Kellie Sheldon - Trauma And Sex Counsellor Emdr
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
You tell yourself you should be over it. But your body still reacts. Your mind still shuts down. You push it down, avoid it, tell yourself it’s in the past. But it still shows up. In your reactions. In your relationships. In the way you freeze, lash out, or disappear inside yourself. Your body stays tense, always ‘on’, bracing for something. Some days, you’re numb. Other days, you can’t stop overthinking. Either way, it’s exhausting. It’s not just memories. It’s your body reacting, even when you don’t want it to. You don’t have to hold it all together. You just get to be real about what’s happening - and we’ll start from there.
You tell yourself you should be over it. But your body still reacts. Your mind still shuts down. You push it down, avoid it, tell yourself it’s in the past. But it still shows up. In your reactions. In your relationships. In the way you freeze, lash out, or disappear inside yourself. Your body stays tense, always ‘on’, bracing for something. Some days, you’re numb. Other days, you can’t stop overthinking. Either way, it’s exhausting. It’s not just memories. It’s your body reacting, even when you don’t want it to. You don’t have to hold it all together. You just get to be real about what’s happening - and we’ll start from there.
(08) 6109 8292 View (08) 6109 8292
Photo of Jasmine Phosphorescencetherapy, Counsellor
Jasmine Phosphorescencetherapy
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Online Only
(08) 6493 7603 View (08) 6493 7603

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Simon MacLachlan, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Simon MacLachlan
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Bassendean, WA 6054
Waitlist for new clients
Simon is an endorsed Clinical Psychologist and accredited psychotherapist who provides a warm, open and collaborative space for healing and growth. Working with adults, children (6+) and adolescents from diverse backgrounds, Simon's treatment areas include: depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, relationship difficulties, sleep issues, stress and adjustment issues, and more. Simon's interpersonal style is relaxed, gentle and non-judgmental, validating your here-and-now experience whilst collaborating with you to bring about positive change.
Simon is an endorsed Clinical Psychologist and accredited psychotherapist who provides a warm, open and collaborative space for healing and growth. Working with adults, children (6+) and adolescents from diverse backgrounds, Simon's treatment areas include: depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, relationship difficulties, sleep issues, stress and adjustment issues, and more. Simon's interpersonal style is relaxed, gentle and non-judgmental, validating your here-and-now experience whilst collaborating with you to bring about positive change.
(08) 6219 3891 View (08) 6219 3891
Photo of Emma Stein, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Emma Stein
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Osborne Park, WA 6017
Working from a relational/psychodynamic model, Emma also draws upon interpersonal neurobiological, cognitive-behavioural, existential, and trauma focussed methods to deliver individualised and unique person-centred care. Emma’s practice approach is tailored to adults aged 18 years and above who may be facing a range of mental health issues. These include depression and other mood disorders, anxiety, personality disorders, trauma/complex trauma, adjustment difficulties, relationship and family issues, work and life stressors, and parenting challenges. Emma is also trained in Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.
Working from a relational/psychodynamic model, Emma also draws upon interpersonal neurobiological, cognitive-behavioural, existential, and trauma focussed methods to deliver individualised and unique person-centred care. Emma’s practice approach is tailored to adults aged 18 years and above who may be facing a range of mental health issues. These include depression and other mood disorders, anxiety, personality disorders, trauma/complex trauma, adjustment difficulties, relationship and family issues, work and life stressors, and parenting challenges. Emma is also trained in Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.
(08) 6120 1558 View (08) 6120 1558
Photo of Luigi C Romanelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Luigi C Romanelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Client "Doug" once felt trapped in cycles of trauma, afraid to open up after past rejection. Through our sessions, he broke free from old patterns, rebuilt trust, and created deeper connections. Doug found the confidence to communicate openly and reduce his anxiety. Today, he wakes up feeling calm and in control. His story shows that with the right support, real change is possible. Are you ready to take the first step? Call today to start your journey.
Client "Doug" once felt trapped in cycles of trauma, afraid to open up after past rejection. Through our sessions, he broke free from old patterns, rebuilt trust, and created deeper connections. Doug found the confidence to communicate openly and reduce his anxiety. Today, he wakes up feeling calm and in control. His story shows that with the right support, real change is possible. Are you ready to take the first step? Call today to start your journey.
(03) 6315 9073 View (03) 6315 9073
Photo of Nicole Cowper, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Nicole Cowper
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Osborne Park, WA 6017
Coming to therapy can be daunting so it is important to me to make sure I get to know you and what you want from the experience. I am an open person with a keen interest in birds, video games and a wry sense of humour who is happy to discuss the absurdities of life. I generally work with ADHD, trauma, adjustment difficulties, grief and loss, anxiety, depression and much more. I am passionate about working with neurodiverse people in particular to help improve day-to-day function, meet goals, and improve overall wellbeing. I can provide assessment for neurodiversity for those who are unsure or wanting to find out more.
Coming to therapy can be daunting so it is important to me to make sure I get to know you and what you want from the experience. I am an open person with a keen interest in birds, video games and a wry sense of humour who is happy to discuss the absurdities of life. I generally work with ADHD, trauma, adjustment difficulties, grief and loss, anxiety, depression and much more. I am passionate about working with neurodiverse people in particular to help improve day-to-day function, meet goals, and improve overall wellbeing. I can provide assessment for neurodiversity for those who are unsure or wanting to find out more.
(08) 6493 7208 View (08) 6493 7208
Photo of Annette Trimble (Safety Bay Psychology), Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Annette Trimble (Safety Bay Psychology)
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Baldivis, WA 6171
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm a Clinical Psychologist who has experience working with parents and infants, individuals, and couples.
Hi, I'm a Clinical Psychologist who has experience working with parents and infants, individuals, and couples.
(08) 9515 9510 x61 View (08) 9515 9510 x61
Photo of Paula Nicolaou - Paula Nicolaou - Older Adult Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Paula Nicolaou - Older Adult Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Inglewood, WA 6052
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist passionate about helping and empowering individuals 50 years and over to cope and heal from the challenges they face and achieve life fulfilment through enhanced mental health, connection, functioning and wellbeing. I offer a nurturing emotional space based in kindness, genuineness, openness and respect to facilitate compassionate reflection and meaningful growth.
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist passionate about helping and empowering individuals 50 years and over to cope and heal from the challenges they face and achieve life fulfilment through enhanced mental health, connection, functioning and wellbeing. I offer a nurturing emotional space based in kindness, genuineness, openness and respect to facilitate compassionate reflection and meaningful growth.
(08) 6493 7335 View (08) 6493 7335
Photo of Jessica Rodgers, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Jessica Rodgers
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am an Organisational Psychologist and have worked with clients across the lifespan, primarily Adolescents and Adults. My knowledge and experience can be used to support both individuals and teams to reach their goals.
I am an Organisational Psychologist and have worked with clients across the lifespan, primarily Adolescents and Adults. My knowledge and experience can be used to support both individuals and teams to reach their goals.
(08) 6490 9141 View (08) 6490 9141

See more therapy options for 6167

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 6167

10+

Average cost per session

$180

Counsellors in 6167 who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
92% Anxiety
92% Trauma and PTSD
85% Stress
77% Depression
69% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Bupa
71% Police Health
57% Other

How Counsellors in 6167 see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

93% Female
7% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 6167?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.