Counselling in 5088

Photo of Dr Tony Fletcher, Social Worker, PhD, AASW
Dr Tony Fletcher
Social Worker, PhD, AASW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Many of us are striving to be the best person we can. Sometimes we lose connection with that person and the satisfying, and enriching, often preferred life seems out of reach or only for others. We can have this preferred life. It's possible! Sometimes experiences of trauma, adversity and pain form stories around us that recruit us into thinking we can't. Some stories can even invite actions we regret that can separate us from people we care about, even from who we would prefer to be. Examining these ideas and stories in therapy can free up new ways of thinking and living for more fulfilling and joyful lives.
Many of us are striving to be the best person we can. Sometimes we lose connection with that person and the satisfying, and enriching, often preferred life seems out of reach or only for others. We can have this preferred life. It's possible! Sometimes experiences of trauma, adversity and pain form stories around us that recruit us into thinking we can't. Some stories can even invite actions we regret that can separate us from people we care about, even from who we would prefer to be. Examining these ideas and stories in therapy can free up new ways of thinking and living for more fulfilling and joyful lives.
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Photo of Elmien Britz, Social Worker, AMHSW
Elmien Britz
Social Worker, AMHSW
Serves Area
Clients who engage with me are committed to personal growth and are seeking an individual who can often just be a witness to their reality. Personal growth requires courage, courage to be honest and courage to admit that there are certain components in our lives we are unable to change. I have been privileged to be part of the self-actualization journey of numerous individuals over the years and I have come to understand that we all have the ability to evolve. Therapy is not for the faint hearted yet it is one of the best investments in yourself you will ever make.
Clients who engage with me are committed to personal growth and are seeking an individual who can often just be a witness to their reality. Personal growth requires courage, courage to be honest and courage to admit that there are certain components in our lives we are unable to change. I have been privileged to be part of the self-actualization journey of numerous individuals over the years and I have come to understand that we all have the ability to evolve. Therapy is not for the faint hearted yet it is one of the best investments in yourself you will ever make.
(08) 7228 0326 View (08) 7228 0326
Photo of Sharyn Marie Duckworth, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Sharyn Marie Duckworth
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
I have always had a sincere and passionate heart for people's inner wellbeing, and as a result have been actively involved in a community support role for many years. Therefore my counselling is a professional fulfillment, birthed out of my love for people. My main passion is coming alongside them and assisting them in navigating their journey of life, which at times can be difficult and challenging. It is my hope that those I counsel will experience self empowerment and flourish in their way forward.
I have always had a sincere and passionate heart for people's inner wellbeing, and as a result have been actively involved in a community support role for many years. Therefore my counselling is a professional fulfillment, birthed out of my love for people. My main passion is coming alongside them and assisting them in navigating their journey of life, which at times can be difficult and challenging. It is my hope that those I counsel will experience self empowerment and flourish in their way forward.
(08) 7008 7745 View (08) 7008 7745
Photo of Alicja Weidner - H-L Therapy, Social Worker, AASW
H-L Therapy
Social Worker, AASW
Serves Area
H-L Therapy offers a wide range of person centered, psychosocial therapy services, including counselling, therapeutic skill development, mindfulness, relaxation therapy, clinical hypnotherapy and artistic exploration. All H-L Therapy staff are DHS and Police cleared, qualified allied health clinicians. Our services are customised to specific situations and our mission is to support people in being happy and confident. NDIS, Medicare and Private Health Insurance rebates are available. We are compassionate, responsive and offer valuable, convenient support services -because all people matter.
H-L Therapy offers a wide range of person centered, psychosocial therapy services, including counselling, therapeutic skill development, mindfulness, relaxation therapy, clinical hypnotherapy and artistic exploration. All H-L Therapy staff are DHS and Police cleared, qualified allied health clinicians. Our services are customised to specific situations and our mission is to support people in being happy and confident. NDIS, Medicare and Private Health Insurance rebates are available. We are compassionate, responsive and offer valuable, convenient support services -because all people matter.
(08) 7078 7648 View (08) 7078 7648
Photo of Bianca Bird - Nest Counselling and Consultation, Counsellor, PACFA
Nest Counselling and Consultation
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
What is most important to me is providing children with a safe place to express themselves and make sense of their experiences. I have extensive experience in providing interventions to vulnerable children within the Child Protection System and children with high and complex needs in Out of Home Care. I am passionate about addressing attachment issues and strengthening the parent child relationship.
What is most important to me is providing children with a safe place to express themselves and make sense of their experiences. I have extensive experience in providing interventions to vulnerable children within the Child Protection System and children with high and complex needs in Out of Home Care. I am passionate about addressing attachment issues and strengthening the parent child relationship.
(08) 7111 3840 View (08) 7111 3840

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kai Niezgoda - Transform Counselling, Social Worker, AASW
Transform Counselling
Social Worker, AASW
Adelaide, SA 5000
Many people come to therapy believing there is something "wrong" with them. We can struggle for months, years, or decades in our attempts to "fix" ourselves and our lives. But what if the basic premise wasn't true? My practice is grounded in the belief that you have responded to your life exactly as anyone else would, given what you've been through. In our work, I'll support you to drop the struggle, no matter how long you've been holding onto it. I'll work alongside you to ensure that when difficult times come, you have resources - not just to get by, but to keep your life directed toward the things that truly matter to you.
Many people come to therapy believing there is something "wrong" with them. We can struggle for months, years, or decades in our attempts to "fix" ourselves and our lives. But what if the basic premise wasn't true? My practice is grounded in the belief that you have responded to your life exactly as anyone else would, given what you've been through. In our work, I'll support you to drop the struggle, no matter how long you've been holding onto it. I'll work alongside you to ensure that when difficult times come, you have resources - not just to get by, but to keep your life directed toward the things that truly matter to you.
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Photo of Stephanie Charlotte Russell, Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Stephanie Charlotte Russell
Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Teringie, SA 5072
Hi. I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, with more than ten years’ experience in helping people who struggle with gender issues, identity expression, sexual preferences, all LGBTIQ+ issues, minority stress, as well as ASD, ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, and issues people face in relationship and social contexts. I have a lived experience affirming my transgender identity, and I have worked to support diversity expression and acceptance of difference within our society. My main concern is to provide a safe and caring space for the client where they feel valued and confident to share their concerns.
Hi. I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, with more than ten years’ experience in helping people who struggle with gender issues, identity expression, sexual preferences, all LGBTIQ+ issues, minority stress, as well as ASD, ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, and issues people face in relationship and social contexts. I have a lived experience affirming my transgender identity, and I have worked to support diversity expression and acceptance of difference within our society. My main concern is to provide a safe and caring space for the client where they feel valued and confident to share their concerns.
(08) 7079 4324 View (08) 7079 4324
Photo of Amie Fidler, Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Amie Fidler
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Adelaide, SA 5000
Please Note I Do Not take Mental Health Care Plan as I am not a psychologist, I am a psychotherapist. I'm Amie. I have experience in working with a large range of issues including trauma, sexual abuse, grief and loss with individuals, couples, teens, caregivers and neurodivergent individuals. I am available to people who have what can feel like bigger than life problems as well as people who just need someone to listen to them without judgement.
Please Note I Do Not take Mental Health Care Plan as I am not a psychologist, I am a psychotherapist. I'm Amie. I have experience in working with a large range of issues including trauma, sexual abuse, grief and loss with individuals, couples, teens, caregivers and neurodivergent individuals. I am available to people who have what can feel like bigger than life problems as well as people who just need someone to listen to them without judgement.
(08) 7008 9201 View (08) 7008 9201
Photo of Bonnie Beazley - Bonnie Beazley-Somatic Experiencing & IFS Therapy, Social Worker
Bonnie Beazley-Somatic Experiencing & IFS Therapy
Social Worker
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
You might feel overwhelmed, stuck in old patterns, or disconnected from yourself, even when you’re trying your best I offer a gentle, trauma‑informed approach that works with both the mind and the body, supporting healing at the deeper levels where patterns are held I am trained in Deep Brain Reorienting (DBR) Level 3, Internal Family Systems (IFS) Level 3, and IFS-informed EMDR and I am certified in Somatic Experiencing & Brainspotting. These approaches help the nervous system release deep‑rooted patterns from past stress and trauma
You might feel overwhelmed, stuck in old patterns, or disconnected from yourself, even when you’re trying your best I offer a gentle, trauma‑informed approach that works with both the mind and the body, supporting healing at the deeper levels where patterns are held I am trained in Deep Brain Reorienting (DBR) Level 3, Internal Family Systems (IFS) Level 3, and IFS-informed EMDR and I am certified in Somatic Experiencing & Brainspotting. These approaches help the nervous system release deep‑rooted patterns from past stress and trauma
(08) 6206 8971 View (08) 6206 8971
Photo of Sydney Johnstone, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Sydney Johnstone
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Serves Area
Once you know exactly ‘what’ to do you will quickly regain control, find your feet, and move forward. I have over 30 years experience helping people and have been a consultant in charge of a major hospital Psychology Clinic. I have also worked in an Anxiety Disorder Clinic, and Family Therapy Clinic. This level of expertise allows for accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment. I employ practical, tested methods. When you are under stress it is easy to fall into the trap of thinking that you are powerless and that this is just the way things are. You will start to believe, “I’m not as capable as I once was"
Once you know exactly ‘what’ to do you will quickly regain control, find your feet, and move forward. I have over 30 years experience helping people and have been a consultant in charge of a major hospital Psychology Clinic. I have also worked in an Anxiety Disorder Clinic, and Family Therapy Clinic. This level of expertise allows for accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment. I employ practical, tested methods. When you are under stress it is easy to fall into the trap of thinking that you are powerless and that this is just the way things are. You will start to believe, “I’m not as capable as I once was"
(03) 7003 2792 View (03) 7003 2792
Photo of Patricia Evans, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Patricia Evans
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered with AHPRA and a member of the APS, providing evidence-based assessment and therapy across the lifespan. I support individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, sleep difficulties, stress, and adjustment challenges. I have a particular interest in working with migrants navigating language barriers, cultural transition, visa uncertainty, and access to services, as well as healthcare professionals facing work-related stress, burnout, and trauma, offering both early intervention and longer-term psychological support.
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered with AHPRA and a member of the APS, providing evidence-based assessment and therapy across the lifespan. I support individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, sleep difficulties, stress, and adjustment challenges. I have a particular interest in working with migrants navigating language barriers, cultural transition, visa uncertainty, and access to services, as well as healthcare professionals facing work-related stress, burnout, and trauma, offering both early intervention and longer-term psychological support.
(03) 7003 2277 View (03) 7003 2277
Photo of Rabia Muqtadir, Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Rabia Muqtadir
Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
At times, life can feel like a lot to handle. You might be dealing with stress, anxiety, low mood, or challenges in your relationships that leave you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure where to turn. If any of this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. I work with individuals/couples/families from all walks of life, including those navigating cultural or family expectations that can impact confidence, relationships, and sense of self. I offer a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, heal and grow.
At times, life can feel like a lot to handle. You might be dealing with stress, anxiety, low mood, or challenges in your relationships that leave you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure where to turn. If any of this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. I work with individuals/couples/families from all walks of life, including those navigating cultural or family expectations that can impact confidence, relationships, and sense of self. I offer a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, heal and grow.
(02) 5133 8847 View (02) 5133 8847
Photo of Max Rivers, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Max Rivers
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Felixstow, SA 5070
I have a holistic approach to health and wellness, my hope is that you live a great life, not just a life without illness. I'm most experienced working with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and personality disorders, including BPD. I work with couples because relationships are one of the great joys in life but also a source of challenge. In couples therapy you will learn about how you relate and connect while developing interpersonal skills. I'm most experienced working with disconnection, infidelity, separation, rekindling, and life transitions. Major influences include: Irvin Yalom, Nancy McWilliams, & Orna Guralnik.
I have a holistic approach to health and wellness, my hope is that you live a great life, not just a life without illness. I'm most experienced working with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and personality disorders, including BPD. I work with couples because relationships are one of the great joys in life but also a source of challenge. In couples therapy you will learn about how you relate and connect while developing interpersonal skills. I'm most experienced working with disconnection, infidelity, separation, rekindling, and life transitions. Major influences include: Irvin Yalom, Nancy McWilliams, & Orna Guralnik.
(08) 7008 7045 x61 View (08) 7008 7045 x61
Photo of Dr Nicole Trewick, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Nicole Trewick
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Nicole is a clinical psychologist who provides evidence-based client-centric interventions for a range of psychological presentations including trauma (PTSD, complex trauma/PTSD), psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder), addictions, mood disorders, stress and burnout, anxiety, and life transitions. She also works with youth athletes, military personnel, and corporate professionals seeking to improve wellbeing, build mental resilience, and enhance performance in demanding environments. Her approach supports clients to navigate challenges and foster lasting personal growth.
Nicole is a clinical psychologist who provides evidence-based client-centric interventions for a range of psychological presentations including trauma (PTSD, complex trauma/PTSD), psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder), addictions, mood disorders, stress and burnout, anxiety, and life transitions. She also works with youth athletes, military personnel, and corporate professionals seeking to improve wellbeing, build mental resilience, and enhance performance in demanding environments. Her approach supports clients to navigate challenges and foster lasting personal growth.
(07) 2801 5339 View (07) 2801 5339
Photo of Filipe Manuel Guerreiro - Feel Heard, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Feel Heard
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Serves Area
Welcome. I’m Fil, and I’m here to offer a safe, supportive space where you can talk freely and feel heard.
Welcome. I’m Fil, and I’m here to offer a safe, supportive space where you can talk freely and feel heard.
(02) 8000 1907 View (02) 8000 1907
Photo of Nerissa Stanley, Counsellor, MA, AAFT
Nerissa Stanley
Counsellor, MA, AAFT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Nerissa. I’m a mental health occupational therapist, individual, couples and family therapist and life coach passionate about supporting my clients to form healthy and loving relationships with themselves and others, build deeper awareness into how past experiences and traumas impact their life and creating space for healing, empowerment and conscious creation of positive and sustainable change. I come to private practice with over ten years’ experience working in the public mental health sector across both adult and child and adolescent services. I have worked with individuals, couples and families.
Hi, I’m Nerissa. I’m a mental health occupational therapist, individual, couples and family therapist and life coach passionate about supporting my clients to form healthy and loving relationships with themselves and others, build deeper awareness into how past experiences and traumas impact their life and creating space for healing, empowerment and conscious creation of positive and sustainable change. I come to private practice with over ten years’ experience working in the public mental health sector across both adult and child and adolescent services. I have worked with individuals, couples and families.
(03) 6163 9803 View (03) 6163 9803
Photo of Olga Anderson, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Olga Anderson
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Gillman, SA 5013
As a disability mental health counsellor, I support NDIS clients and their carers who have diverse disabilities. I understand the challenges they face every day, and how they can impact their health and well-being. I can help them cope with these issues and find solutions that suit their needs. I can offer them a safe and supportive space to share their feelings, thoughts, and concerns, and to discover strategies to reach their goals. I can also do home visits if needed.
As a disability mental health counsellor, I support NDIS clients and their carers who have diverse disabilities. I understand the challenges they face every day, and how they can impact their health and well-being. I can help them cope with these issues and find solutions that suit their needs. I can offer them a safe and supportive space to share their feelings, thoughts, and concerns, and to discover strategies to reach their goals. I can also do home visits if needed.
(08) 7078 8192 View (08) 7078 8192
Photo of Rachel Humeniuk - AOD Psychology - Dr Rachel Humeniuk, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
AOD Psychology - Dr Rachel Humeniuk
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000
I specialise in helping adults with their alcohol and/or or substance use problems. I am a Registered Psychologist and have a PhD in Psychopharmacology with a special focus on addiction. I have a long-standing interest in the field of drug and alcohol issues and associated treatments. I provide treatment for issues relating to alcohol, cannabis, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, opioids, nicotine, anaesthetics and GHB (but not for stimulants such as cocaine or methamphetamine).
I specialise in helping adults with their alcohol and/or or substance use problems. I am a Registered Psychologist and have a PhD in Psychopharmacology with a special focus on addiction. I have a long-standing interest in the field of drug and alcohol issues and associated treatments. I provide treatment for issues relating to alcohol, cannabis, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, opioids, nicotine, anaesthetics and GHB (but not for stimulants such as cocaine or methamphetamine).
(08) 7008 9362 View (08) 7008 9362
Photo of Ravi Grundy, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Ravi Grundy
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Goodwood, SA 5034
I work with people who are juggling a lot—whether it's the lasting impact of childhood or past trauma, ongoing anxiety, or the day-to-day stress of parenting and relationships. You might be someone who tends to take on a lot, who strives to stay in control or meet high expectations, even when it feels exhausting. To others, you may appear outwardly successful but internally feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected. If you're looking for a space to better understand yourself, let go of unhelpful patterns, and move toward a more balanced and fulfilling life, we may be a good fit.
I work with people who are juggling a lot—whether it's the lasting impact of childhood or past trauma, ongoing anxiety, or the day-to-day stress of parenting and relationships. You might be someone who tends to take on a lot, who strives to stay in control or meet high expectations, even when it feels exhausting. To others, you may appear outwardly successful but internally feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected. If you're looking for a space to better understand yourself, let go of unhelpful patterns, and move toward a more balanced and fulfilling life, we may be a good fit.
(08) 7008 9524 View (08) 7008 9524
Photo of Ibrahim Ali
Ibrahim Ali
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
A compassionate counsellor with extensive experience supporting both youth and adults in navigating personal, emotional, and social challenges. Skilled in creating a safe and inclusive environment that fosters self-exploration and growth, I utilise evidence-based approaches to address diverse needs. Passionate about empowering people to achieve their full potential.
A compassionate counsellor with extensive experience supporting both youth and adults in navigating personal, emotional, and social challenges. Skilled in creating a safe and inclusive environment that fosters self-exploration and growth, I utilise evidence-based approaches to address diverse needs. Passionate about empowering people to achieve their full potential.
(08) 7008 9475 x042275 View (08) 7008 9475 x042275

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 5088

< 10

Therapists in 5088 who prioritize treating:

100% Trauma and PTSD
80% Anxiety
80% Family Conflict
60% Relationship Issues
60% Depression
60% Grief
60% Autism

Average years in practice

20 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% NDIS
50% Medicare Rebates
50% Bupa

How Therapists in 5088 see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 5088?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.