Counselling in 5062

Photo of Chun-Yin Cho - Tao&Mind, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Tao&Mind
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
1 Endorsed
Clapham, SA 5062
In today’s society, many factors contribute to feelings of confusion, distraction, and a lack of clarity. In this social-media-driven age, humans are becoming increasingly distant from one another while also forming unrealistic expectations around identity and purpose. I aim to assist individuals in breaking through these societal expectations and barriers, uncovering their true, authentic selves and reaching their full potential.
In today’s society, many factors contribute to feelings of confusion, distraction, and a lack of clarity. In this social-media-driven age, humans are becoming increasingly distant from one another while also forming unrealistic expectations around identity and purpose. I aim to assist individuals in breaking through these societal expectations and barriers, uncovering their true, authentic selves and reaching their full potential.
(08) 7008 9561 View (08) 7008 9561
Photo of Corrina Jeffries, Psychotherapist, MPsych, ACA-L2
Corrina Jeffries
Psychotherapist, MPsych, ACA-L2
4 Endorsed
Hawthorn, SA 5062
Online (Australia-wide) & SA (in-person) anxiety, trauma and relationship specialist for adults and teenagers. Severe anxiety and the challenges of modern life can induce physical symptoms, disrupt work and academic study, cause social and family stress, and are linked to many mental health conditions. If problematic anxiety or related life issues are holding you back, I can help you to develop new skills and insights that will enable you to navigate life's challenges so you can identify and do what matters most to you in your life.
Online (Australia-wide) & SA (in-person) anxiety, trauma and relationship specialist for adults and teenagers. Severe anxiety and the challenges of modern life can induce physical symptoms, disrupt work and academic study, cause social and family stress, and are linked to many mental health conditions. If problematic anxiety or related life issues are holding you back, I can help you to develop new skills and insights that will enable you to navigate life's challenges so you can identify and do what matters most to you in your life.
(08) 7008 7854 View (08) 7008 7854
Photo of Simone Marshall - Simone Marshall - ADHD Assessment & Therapy Adults, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Simone Marshall - ADHD Assessment & Therapy Adults
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
If you are struggling with ADHD or need to find out if that is what is going on for you, welcome. Finding the right support can make all the difference. If you're looking for a psychologist who truly understands the challenges of ADHD and other mental health conditions that often occur with ADHD, I’m here to help. Whether you're trying to improve focus, manage emotions, develop a healthier relationship with food, or create structure in your daily life, I tailor my approach to fit you.
If you are struggling with ADHD or need to find out if that is what is going on for you, welcome. Finding the right support can make all the difference. If you're looking for a psychologist who truly understands the challenges of ADHD and other mental health conditions that often occur with ADHD, I’m here to help. Whether you're trying to improve focus, manage emotions, develop a healthier relationship with food, or create structure in your daily life, I tailor my approach to fit you.
(08) 7008 7005 View (08) 7008 7005
John Desmond Kaye
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Clients consult me due to experiencing a range of personal and interpersonal difficulties. Often clients contact me because they want to overcome anxiety, depression, and in particular, relationship issues. A group of clients also consult me about transexual challenges they are facing in day to day life.
Clients consult me due to experiencing a range of personal and interpersonal difficulties. Often clients contact me because they want to overcome anxiety, depression, and in particular, relationship issues. A group of clients also consult me about transexual challenges they are facing in day to day life.
(08) 7111 3971 View (08) 7111 3971
Photo of Dr Alessandra Raudino, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Dr Alessandra Raudino
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Alessandra brings great warmth, support, insight and dedication to her work with clients. Against a strong academic and intellectual background, she sees her greatest strength as her ability to relate well with other people and understand their needs. She is motivated by a deep sense of compassion and a commitment to helping others. Sessions can be claimed through medicare with a Mental health care plan
Alessandra brings great warmth, support, insight and dedication to her work with clients. Against a strong academic and intellectual background, she sees her greatest strength as her ability to relate well with other people and understand their needs. She is motivated by a deep sense of compassion and a commitment to helping others. Sessions can be claimed through medicare with a Mental health care plan
(08) 7008 9974 View (08) 7008 9974
Photo of Diana Elizabeth Hutchison, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Diana Elizabeth Hutchison
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Are you struggling with the pain of losing a loved one or facing a major life change? Grief can feel overwhelming, isolating, and exhausting—especially when life’s demands don’t stop. Juggling work, family, and everyday responsibilities while carrying deep emotional pain can be exhausting. But you don’t have to do this alone. Healing is possible, and there are pathways to help you move from pain to peace. With the right support, you can find strength, clarity, and a way forward. Let's take that step together.
Are you struggling with the pain of losing a loved one or facing a major life change? Grief can feel overwhelming, isolating, and exhausting—especially when life’s demands don’t stop. Juggling work, family, and everyday responsibilities while carrying deep emotional pain can be exhausting. But you don’t have to do this alone. Healing is possible, and there are pathways to help you move from pain to peace. With the right support, you can find strength, clarity, and a way forward. Let's take that step together.
(08) 7228 0461 View (08) 7228 0461
Photo of Valda Burleigh, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Valda Burleigh
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
Whatever the issue, my first aim is to create a safe environment for clients to talk, and for them to feel they are being heard and understood. Trauma survivors may grapple with debilitating symptoms such as hyper-vigilance, and emotional dysregulation, seeking to regain a sense of safety and control. A struggling couple may strive to rebuild trust, connection, teamwork, and restore intimacy in their relationship. Grieving individuals may require support in navigating grief and adjusting to life after loss. Those battling anxiety and stress may seek strategies to manage overwhelming emotions and be more at ease with self and life.
Whatever the issue, my first aim is to create a safe environment for clients to talk, and for them to feel they are being heard and understood. Trauma survivors may grapple with debilitating symptoms such as hyper-vigilance, and emotional dysregulation, seeking to regain a sense of safety and control. A struggling couple may strive to rebuild trust, connection, teamwork, and restore intimacy in their relationship. Grieving individuals may require support in navigating grief and adjusting to life after loss. Those battling anxiety and stress may seek strategies to manage overwhelming emotions and be more at ease with self and life.
(08) 7079 4202 View (08) 7079 4202
Photo of Cathleen Zhang - Cathleen | the kind space: Therapy & Counselling, Social Worker, AMHSW
Cathleen | the kind space: Therapy & Counselling
Social Worker, AMHSW
Serves Area
Hello! I'm Cathleen - founder of the kind space: Therapy & Counselling. I work in a gentle, person-centred way to support your mental health and wellbeing. My aim is to provide a safe space where you feel heard and empowered, helping you navigate challenges and create meaningful change in your life. I believe you are the expert in your own experience, and together, we’ll work towards goals that are meaningful for you. I strongly believe in the importance of the client-therapist relationship, built on trust and a warm environment, where you can feel safe to share and grow.
Hello! I'm Cathleen - founder of the kind space: Therapy & Counselling. I work in a gentle, person-centred way to support your mental health and wellbeing. My aim is to provide a safe space where you feel heard and empowered, helping you navigate challenges and create meaningful change in your life. I believe you are the expert in your own experience, and together, we’ll work towards goals that are meaningful for you. I strongly believe in the importance of the client-therapist relationship, built on trust and a warm environment, where you can feel safe to share and grow.
(08) 7079 5647 View (08) 7079 5647
Photo of Caroleena Khayatte, Counsellor, MC, ACA-L3
Caroleena Khayatte
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L3
Serves Area
You might not always feel like it, but you are the expert on your own life. As a registered psychotherapist, my role is to help you untangle what’s keeping you stuck, make sense of how your experiences have shaped you, and find strategies that truly work for you. I specialize in relational and trauma work, helping people gain clarity, strengthen connection, feel safe and grounded, and have more insight into themselves and relationships. Using approaches like parts work (IFS-informed), nervous system regulation, and PACT, I support individuals and couples in navigating challenges, deepening trust, and creating lasting change.
You might not always feel like it, but you are the expert on your own life. As a registered psychotherapist, my role is to help you untangle what’s keeping you stuck, make sense of how your experiences have shaped you, and find strategies that truly work for you. I specialize in relational and trauma work, helping people gain clarity, strengthen connection, feel safe and grounded, and have more insight into themselves and relationships. Using approaches like parts work (IFS-informed), nervous system regulation, and PACT, I support individuals and couples in navigating challenges, deepening trust, and creating lasting change.
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Photo of Stephanie Charlotte Russell, Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Stephanie Charlotte Russell
Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Serves Area
Hi. I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, with more than eight years’ experience in helping people who struggle with gender issues, identity expression, sexual preferences, all LGBTIQ+ issues, as well as ASD, ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, and issues they face in relationship and social contexts. I have a lived experience affirming my transgender identity, and I have worked to support diversity expression and acceptance of difference in its many forms within our society. My main concern is to provide a safe and caring space for the client where they feel valued and confident to share their concerns.
Hi. I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, with more than eight years’ experience in helping people who struggle with gender issues, identity expression, sexual preferences, all LGBTIQ+ issues, as well as ASD, ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, and issues they face in relationship and social contexts. I have a lived experience affirming my transgender identity, and I have worked to support diversity expression and acceptance of difference in its many forms within our society. My main concern is to provide a safe and caring space for the client where they feel valued and confident to share their concerns.
(08) 7079 4324 View (08) 7079 4324
Photo of Nina Corlett, Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Nina Corlett
Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Serves Area
Welcome to Sacred Pathways Counselling! I am a compassionate and caring Counsellor with a diverse career centred on empowering people to be agents of change in their own lives and stories. As both a counsellor and dementia doula, I work with individuals and families living with dementia, as well as those experiencing grief and loss, anxiety, depression and trauma. I support clients in finding hope and new ways of meaning making.
Welcome to Sacred Pathways Counselling! I am a compassionate and caring Counsellor with a diverse career centred on empowering people to be agents of change in their own lives and stories. As both a counsellor and dementia doula, I work with individuals and families living with dementia, as well as those experiencing grief and loss, anxiety, depression and trauma. I support clients in finding hope and new ways of meaning making.
(08) 7184 5406 View (08) 7184 5406
Photo of Dr Tanya Marie Robinson, Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
Dr Tanya Marie Robinson
Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
Serves Area
I’m Dr Tanya Robinson, based in Rose Park, Adelaide, offering in-person and telehealth consultations locally, interstate and internationally. With 27 years’ experience in mental health, psycho-legal forensic science, and psychotraumatology, I specialise in trauma, anxiety, depression, burnout, overwhelm, relationship separation, abuse, violent crime, bullying, victimisation, litigation-related trauma, and complex PTSD. Using EMDR, Jungian psychoanalysis, and Schema Therapy, I support healing through the mind-body connection. I create a safe, compassionate space to help you feel heard and empowered on your healing journey.
I’m Dr Tanya Robinson, based in Rose Park, Adelaide, offering in-person and telehealth consultations locally, interstate and internationally. With 27 years’ experience in mental health, psycho-legal forensic science, and psychotraumatology, I specialise in trauma, anxiety, depression, burnout, overwhelm, relationship separation, abuse, violent crime, bullying, victimisation, litigation-related trauma, and complex PTSD. Using EMDR, Jungian psychoanalysis, and Schema Therapy, I support healing through the mind-body connection. I create a safe, compassionate space to help you feel heard and empowered on your healing journey.
(08) 7081 9304 View (08) 7081 9304
Photo of Mariya Zubaryeva, Social Worker, AMHSW
Mariya Zubaryeva
Social Worker, AMHSW
Serves Area
Hello and welcome to Calm Cove Therapy :) I am passionate about helping others heal and become the most authentic version of themselves through powerful use of therapy. This can aid with understanding, embracing, and accepting why we are the way we are and how we can create a balanced life that is meaningful and fulfilling. At times, it can feel like you are in a constant battle. My mission is to empower you (or your loved one) to navigate life's tumultuous seas with grace and resilience, finding calm amidst the chaos. I have a very warm, genuine and empathetic approach towards anyone that walks through the door.
Hello and welcome to Calm Cove Therapy :) I am passionate about helping others heal and become the most authentic version of themselves through powerful use of therapy. This can aid with understanding, embracing, and accepting why we are the way we are and how we can create a balanced life that is meaningful and fulfilling. At times, it can feel like you are in a constant battle. My mission is to empower you (or your loved one) to navigate life's tumultuous seas with grace and resilience, finding calm amidst the chaos. I have a very warm, genuine and empathetic approach towards anyone that walks through the door.
(08) 7008 7903 View (08) 7008 7903
Photo of Kate Jurgens, Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
Kate Jurgens
Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Hawthorn, SA 5062
Waitlist for new clients
I am a specialist grief and bereavement counsellor. I support people to adapt to a significant change in their life following someone close dying. If you are experiencing grief and feel confused, stuck or overwhelmed, call me. I provide a non-judgemental and skilful space that is necessary for positive change. My role is to facilitate this with empathic listening and reflective inquiry. I guide people to create a healing pathway forward. Medicare Rebates apply with a GP referral. If you hold a white or gold card, sessions are available without cost with a GP referral under the DVA program.
I am a specialist grief and bereavement counsellor. I support people to adapt to a significant change in their life following someone close dying. If you are experiencing grief and feel confused, stuck or overwhelmed, call me. I provide a non-judgemental and skilful space that is necessary for positive change. My role is to facilitate this with empathic listening and reflective inquiry. I guide people to create a healing pathway forward. Medicare Rebates apply with a GP referral. If you hold a white or gold card, sessions are available without cost with a GP referral under the DVA program.
(08) 7008 9037 View (08) 7008 9037
Photo of Shankari Sundaram, Social Worker, AMHSW
Shankari Sundaram
Social Worker, AMHSW
3 Endorsed
Hawthorn, SA 5062
Waitlist for new clients
If you are emotionally overwhelmed and unsure about future directions, talking to a trained professional can help. Processing thoughts and emotions can help you clarify your goals and plan your next steps. Traumatic experiences that have not been processed may also impact your ability to find deeper contentment and purpose. Triggers in the present that spark PTSD-like responses can impede your ability to move forward. I can provide a safe place for you to explore challenges, old and new. We can go at a pace that is comfortable for you and chart your path to more peace and clarity.
If you are emotionally overwhelmed and unsure about future directions, talking to a trained professional can help. Processing thoughts and emotions can help you clarify your goals and plan your next steps. Traumatic experiences that have not been processed may also impact your ability to find deeper contentment and purpose. Triggers in the present that spark PTSD-like responses can impede your ability to move forward. I can provide a safe place for you to explore challenges, old and new. We can go at a pace that is comfortable for you and chart your path to more peace and clarity.
(08) 7008 7043 View (08) 7008 7043
Photo of Dr Tick Zweck, Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Dr Tick Zweck
Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
If you're considering therapy you're likely entertaining the possibility of change! Many clients have a sense of feeling 'stuck' - that what they've been doing isn't sustainable - old coping/survival strategies aren't workable and use up valuable energy, e.g.. avoidance of/distracting from/suppressing/whiteknuckling/ruminating on: thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, urges, images, memories. These maintain negative cycles, keep our emotional brain vigilant to 'threat' and our nervous system mobilised in a stress response. What if we could imagine a future we'd like to participate in, regardless of what's showing up in the present?
If you're considering therapy you're likely entertaining the possibility of change! Many clients have a sense of feeling 'stuck' - that what they've been doing isn't sustainable - old coping/survival strategies aren't workable and use up valuable energy, e.g.. avoidance of/distracting from/suppressing/whiteknuckling/ruminating on: thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, urges, images, memories. These maintain negative cycles, keep our emotional brain vigilant to 'threat' and our nervous system mobilised in a stress response. What if we could imagine a future we'd like to participate in, regardless of what's showing up in the present?
(08) 7008 9270 View (08) 7008 9270
Photo of Robyn Blake-Mortimer, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Robyn Blake-Mortimer
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
You know relationships are important. When they are not working out, the pain can be overwhelming. You feel stuck because as a trained helping professional you expect more of yourself and your partner. It is so difficult to even begin to consider getting help when you also work in health care or mental health! It is not like you are willing to see just anyone! You know the research tips to improve the relationship, but you just can't seem to apply them at home. That hurts! You understand it might have something to do with a difficult past or trauma but that does not help you to manage the conflict. You start to feel despairing.
You know relationships are important. When they are not working out, the pain can be overwhelming. You feel stuck because as a trained helping professional you expect more of yourself and your partner. It is so difficult to even begin to consider getting help when you also work in health care or mental health! It is not like you are willing to see just anyone! You know the research tips to improve the relationship, but you just can't seem to apply them at home. That hurts! You understand it might have something to do with a difficult past or trauma but that does not help you to manage the conflict. You start to feel despairing.
(08) 7523 4577 View (08) 7523 4577
Christina Sougleris
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Online Only
Christina is a clinical psychologist highly skilled & experienced in treating doctors' & med. students' with mental health concerns. This is now the focus of her practice. For several years, in collaboration with Doctors’ Health Service SA, Christina has provided a confidential clinical psychology service to medical professionals (at all career stages: student, registrar, intern, consultant), in person & via telepsych, who reside locally & interstate. She provides therapy (CBT, Schema Therapy, EMDR, hypnosis) for depression, anxiety, stress & burnout, imposter syndrome, adjustment issues, PTSD & trauma, grief/loss, binge eating
Christina is a clinical psychologist highly skilled & experienced in treating doctors' & med. students' with mental health concerns. This is now the focus of her practice. For several years, in collaboration with Doctors’ Health Service SA, Christina has provided a confidential clinical psychology service to medical professionals (at all career stages: student, registrar, intern, consultant), in person & via telepsych, who reside locally & interstate. She provides therapy (CBT, Schema Therapy, EMDR, hypnosis) for depression, anxiety, stress & burnout, imposter syndrome, adjustment issues, PTSD & trauma, grief/loss, binge eating
(08) 8646 5616 View (08) 8646 5616
Photo of Mary R Young, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Mary R Young
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
(08) 7078 8166 View (08) 7078 8166

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Simon Wegman - Deep Well Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Deep Well Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I work with adults and with children aged 10 and older. I believe that every client is unique and that therapy should be tailored to meet your individual needs. I’m experienced in working with a range of presentations including mood/anxiety/personality disorders, OCD, sleep issues, anger, grief, trauma and more, with a particular focus on gender diversity. I also am able to provide assessments to diagnose ADHD and autism.
I work with adults and with children aged 10 and older. I believe that every client is unique and that therapy should be tailored to meet your individual needs. I’m experienced in working with a range of presentations including mood/anxiety/personality disorders, OCD, sleep issues, anger, grief, trauma and more, with a particular focus on gender diversity. I also am able to provide assessments to diagnose ADHD and autism.
0420 474 742 View 0420 474 742

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 5062

10+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in 5062 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
84% Stress
79% Relationship Issues
74% Depression
68% Life Transitions
58% Trauma and PTSD
58% Other

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Bupa
69% Medibank Private
54% Other

How Therapists in 5062 see their clients

95% In Person and Online
5% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 5062?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.