Counselling in 4405

Photo of Christine Steel - Christine Steel Counselling , Counsellor, MC, ACA-L4
Christine Steel Counselling
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L4
Serves Area
Christine is a Clinical Counsellor and Counselling Supervisor. Christine is particularly passionate about assisting people whose stress, anxiety or depression is holding them back from their best life and achieving their goals. She highly skilled at adapting her therapy and communication style to help the client feel at ease. Christine can help you identify thoughts, feelings and behaviours that might be impacting your success and relationships with others. She can support you to work through anxiety, depression, trauma, poor self-esteem or unhealthy relationships. Finding better ways to cope and help you to lead a brighter life.
Christine is a Clinical Counsellor and Counselling Supervisor. Christine is particularly passionate about assisting people whose stress, anxiety or depression is holding them back from their best life and achieving their goals. She highly skilled at adapting her therapy and communication style to help the client feel at ease. Christine can help you identify thoughts, feelings and behaviours that might be impacting your success and relationships with others. She can support you to work through anxiety, depression, trauma, poor self-esteem or unhealthy relationships. Finding better ways to cope and help you to lead a brighter life.
(07) 4520 6339 View (07) 4520 6339
Photo of Jessica Arday-Wild, Social Worker, AASW
Jessica Arday-Wild
Social Worker, AASW
Serves Area
I am a warm and compassionate therapist and will provide you non-judgmental support with kindness, empathy and humour. I primarily work from a relational stance, which means I understand people in the context of their most important relationships. I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker and a Clinical Family Therapist providing therapeutic support since 2013.
I am a warm and compassionate therapist and will provide you non-judgmental support with kindness, empathy and humour. I primarily work from a relational stance, which means I understand people in the context of their most important relationships. I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker and a Clinical Family Therapist providing therapeutic support since 2013.
(07) 4516 6056 View (07) 4516 6056
Photo of Rohan Watson - Rohan Watson, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Rohan Watson
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Serves Area
My team and I are dedicated to helping clients improve their relationships, outlook on life and overall wellbeing and offer a setting that is accepting, caring, safe and private. My deep commitment is supporting clients in developing the confidence, resilience and insight necessary to transition through life’s challenges with genuinely positive outcomes. The experience of my own private counselling practice, delivery of mental health programs in rural and remote areas of Australia, and conducting psychotherapy services for a significant regional Employee Assistance Program enables me to reach out to people from all walks of life.
My team and I are dedicated to helping clients improve their relationships, outlook on life and overall wellbeing and offer a setting that is accepting, caring, safe and private. My deep commitment is supporting clients in developing the confidence, resilience and insight necessary to transition through life’s challenges with genuinely positive outcomes. The experience of my own private counselling practice, delivery of mental health programs in rural and remote areas of Australia, and conducting psychotherapy services for a significant regional Employee Assistance Program enables me to reach out to people from all walks of life.
(07) 4526 7507 View (07) 4526 7507
Photo of Andrew Forrest, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Andrew Forrest
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Andrew is a board-registered psychologist and couples therapist who works with individuals and couples seeking support at different life stages. He has experience working with a wide-range of mental health concerns and is passionate about supporting people to improve their mental well-being and quality of life. Andrew’s approach creates a safe, collaborative environment where individuals can feel empowered to explore and remain curious to possibilities. It is within this non-judgemental space that a person can begin to reflect, heal and move towards growth and change.
Andrew is a board-registered psychologist and couples therapist who works with individuals and couples seeking support at different life stages. He has experience working with a wide-range of mental health concerns and is passionate about supporting people to improve their mental well-being and quality of life. Andrew’s approach creates a safe, collaborative environment where individuals can feel empowered to explore and remain curious to possibilities. It is within this non-judgemental space that a person can begin to reflect, heal and move towards growth and change.
(07) 4517 5346 View (07) 4517 5346
Photo of Penne Willner - Penne Willner - Living Well Counselling Toowoomba, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Life is often challenging. We can face difficulties with work, with our relationships, with our own internal struggles, but we don't need to face them alone. We need each other. I work alongside clients with a variety of issues: grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles etc, and I offer a tailored approach to support you in your journey to better cope with what life throws at you.
Life is often challenging. We can face difficulties with work, with our relationships, with our own internal struggles, but we don't need to face them alone. We need each other. I work alongside clients with a variety of issues: grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles etc, and I offer a tailored approach to support you in your journey to better cope with what life throws at you.
(07) 4523 6789 View (07) 4523 6789
Inge-Marie Linnea Piekkala
Counsellor
Dalby, QLD 4405
Not accepting new clients
Everyone has difficulties at times and may benefit from professional, compassionate and solution focused support. I treat all clients with the utmost discretion and confidentiality, maintaining the highest degree of privacy. Whatever your issue, your emotions behaviours and coping mechanisms have at some time been helpful in your life. But if you feel stuck in the same behaviour patterns, or want to make a change, reach out to access debriefing, counselling or psychotherapy. Each treatment plan has its place and often a combination will be used, depending on your individual needs and your progress.
Everyone has difficulties at times and may benefit from professional, compassionate and solution focused support. I treat all clients with the utmost discretion and confidentiality, maintaining the highest degree of privacy. Whatever your issue, your emotions behaviours and coping mechanisms have at some time been helpful in your life. But if you feel stuck in the same behaviour patterns, or want to make a change, reach out to access debriefing, counselling or psychotherapy. Each treatment plan has its place and often a combination will be used, depending on your individual needs and your progress.
(07) 2100 4903 View (07) 2100 4903
Photo of Shannon Thomas Barton - YourSpace Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
YourSpace Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
2 Endorsed
Online Only
We are Queensland based registered telehealth psychologists with a wealth of experience and training in psychological/psychometric assessments, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD) intervention, Counselling, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Trauma-Informed Care, and Attachment-Based Therapy. We work with all ages and specialize in the areas of anxiety, depression, substance use, work-related problems, concerns relating to relationships and criminal justice.
We are Queensland based registered telehealth psychologists with a wealth of experience and training in psychological/psychometric assessments, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD) intervention, Counselling, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Trauma-Informed Care, and Attachment-Based Therapy. We work with all ages and specialize in the areas of anxiety, depression, substance use, work-related problems, concerns relating to relationships and criminal justice.
(07) 3113 9923 View (07) 3113 9923
Photo of Jessica Hume, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Jessica Hume
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Online Only
Special interest areas: Parenting, attachment and relationships, self esteem and body image Jess is a registered psychologist & board approved supervisor who provides holistic client care with a non-judgemental approach to therapy. Jess has over 10 years’ experience within the childcare protection sector and private practice. Jess has experience working with childhood trauma, complex presentations including self-harm and suicide, relationship difficulties and issues with self esteem and self-worth. Jess is passionate about working with adolescents and adults and providing parenting support to help raise resilient happy children.
Special interest areas: Parenting, attachment and relationships, self esteem and body image Jess is a registered psychologist & board approved supervisor who provides holistic client care with a non-judgemental approach to therapy. Jess has over 10 years’ experience within the childcare protection sector and private practice. Jess has experience working with childhood trauma, complex presentations including self-harm and suicide, relationship difficulties and issues with self esteem and self-worth. Jess is passionate about working with adolescents and adults and providing parenting support to help raise resilient happy children.
(07) 2801 7398 View (07) 2801 7398
Photo of Kathryn Dries, Counsellor, PACFA
Kathryn Dries
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
I specialise in helping individuals overcome the challenges associated with grief and loss, recognising that these experiences extend beyond the conventional understanding of someone's passing. Whether you are grappling with personal, relational, or societal changes that have reshaped your worldview, relationships, or self-perception, I am here to support you. Together, we can navigate the complex emotions that arise during these transformative events, address feelings of isolation and loneliness, and foster healing and growth.
I specialise in helping individuals overcome the challenges associated with grief and loss, recognising that these experiences extend beyond the conventional understanding of someone's passing. Whether you are grappling with personal, relational, or societal changes that have reshaped your worldview, relationships, or self-perception, I am here to support you. Together, we can navigate the complex emotions that arise during these transformative events, address feelings of isolation and loneliness, and foster healing and growth.
(08) 7744 4777 View (08) 7744 4777
Photo of Joanne McElroy - Healing Reflections Counselling Service, Counsellor, PACFA
Healing Reflections Counselling Service
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
My counselling experience has been focused on working with people who are experiencing or processing trauma, the effects of domestic violence or abuse, life changes or loss, depression and anxiety. When you are feeling lost, as though there is no way forward, when your problems are too loud or busy inside your own mind, that is when you need to reach out for help. I am here to help you through that time and work with you in understanding and finding your way forward.
My counselling experience has been focused on working with people who are experiencing or processing trauma, the effects of domestic violence or abuse, life changes or loss, depression and anxiety. When you are feeling lost, as though there is no way forward, when your problems are too loud or busy inside your own mind, that is when you need to reach out for help. I am here to help you through that time and work with you in understanding and finding your way forward.
(07) 5235 4478 View (07) 5235 4478

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Brooke Goltz, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Brooke Goltz
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Navigating and taking care of our mental health has never been so crucial in this age where being 'busy' has become more important than taking a break and just breathing. Unfortunately, our mental health is often in fact being neglected and when we become overwhelmed with all of our 'stuff', we sometimes feel like we can't reach out and ask for help. I encourage you to reach out if this is you. We can walk through this together.
Navigating and taking care of our mental health has never been so crucial in this age where being 'busy' has become more important than taking a break and just breathing. Unfortunately, our mental health is often in fact being neglected and when we become overwhelmed with all of our 'stuff', we sometimes feel like we can't reach out and ask for help. I encourage you to reach out if this is you. We can walk through this together.
(07) 4519 9334 View (07) 4519 9334

Online Therapists

Photo of Emma Ride, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Emma Ride
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Neurum, QLD 4514
Welcome! I'm Emma, I have a passion for helping individuals navigate life's challenges and uncover their inner strength. My approach to counselling is rooted in compassion, empathy, and a deep commitment to creating a safe, non-judgmental space for healing and growth.
Welcome! I'm Emma, I have a passion for helping individuals navigate life's challenges and uncover their inner strength. My approach to counselling is rooted in compassion, empathy, and a deep commitment to creating a safe, non-judgmental space for healing and growth.
(07) 5240 1619 View (07) 5240 1619
Photo of Jessice Taylor - Wolf Pack Health and Wellness, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Wolf Pack Health and Wellness
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Wanora, QLD 4306
Are you feeling disconnected, anxious, overwhelmed, or seeking a deeper sense of purpose? At Wolf Pack Health and Wellness, we provide a nurturing space where your true self is welcomed, seen, and heard. By embracing the healing power of nature and fostering deep connections, we guide you on a transformative journey toward personal growth and healing.
Are you feeling disconnected, anxious, overwhelmed, or seeking a deeper sense of purpose? At Wolf Pack Health and Wellness, we provide a nurturing space where your true self is welcomed, seen, and heard. By embracing the healing power of nature and fostering deep connections, we guide you on a transformative journey toward personal growth and healing.
(07) 5240 9078 View (07) 5240 9078
Photo of Marion Valster, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Marion Valster
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Lowood, QLD 4311
I have a special interest in working with our first responders: QAS, QPS, QCS, SES and QFES, clients under Victim Assist, and with those experiencing workplace issues (WorkCover). Work is such a large part of our life, and when work is difficult, it is hard not to let it leak into our private lives. It is wonderful to start shifting some of the symptoms and bring back a sense of joy. Together, my clients and I work on what a happier life would look like, and what is needed to get there. We usually do this by looking at strengths and values, and by exploring underlying beliefs that may hold you back.
I have a special interest in working with our first responders: QAS, QPS, QCS, SES and QFES, clients under Victim Assist, and with those experiencing workplace issues (WorkCover). Work is such a large part of our life, and when work is difficult, it is hard not to let it leak into our private lives. It is wonderful to start shifting some of the symptoms and bring back a sense of joy. Together, my clients and I work on what a happier life would look like, and what is needed to get there. We usually do this by looking at strengths and values, and by exploring underlying beliefs that may hold you back.
(07) 2100 4842 View (07) 2100 4842
Photo of Kelly Dean, Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Kelly Dean
Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Toowoomba City, QLD 4350
I have over 10 years experience in supporting individuals with a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety, trauma (post traumatic stress disorder, complex post traumatic stress disorder, attachment/ BPD and sexual assault/ abuse). I believe in a holistic approach to mental health, ensuring to include the mind and the body (ie somatic practices, emotional regulation and belief systems). I work with all genders/sexes from mid-adolescence and older.
I have over 10 years experience in supporting individuals with a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety, trauma (post traumatic stress disorder, complex post traumatic stress disorder, attachment/ BPD and sexual assault/ abuse). I believe in a holistic approach to mental health, ensuring to include the mind and the body (ie somatic practices, emotional regulation and belief systems). I work with all genders/sexes from mid-adolescence and older.
(07) 4516 8314 View (07) 4516 8314
Photo of Dadirai Gara - PsychCare Psychology & Mental Health, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
PsychCare Psychology & Mental Health
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
East Ipswich, QLD 4305
PsychCare Psychology & Mental Health is an Ipswich based multidisciplinary mental health and well-being clinic. The PsychCare Psychology & Mental Health clinicians highly consider the association between mental health (well-being) and mental illness and work collaboratively with their clients to reduces symptoms of mental illness and increase their clients’ emotional, psychological and social well-being. Our clinicians use evidence-based treatment approaches and are committed to tracking progress during therapy and utilise a range of outcome measures to monitor changes in our clients’ symptomatology over time.
PsychCare Psychology & Mental Health is an Ipswich based multidisciplinary mental health and well-being clinic. The PsychCare Psychology & Mental Health clinicians highly consider the association between mental health (well-being) and mental illness and work collaboratively with their clients to reduces symptoms of mental illness and increase their clients’ emotional, psychological and social well-being. Our clinicians use evidence-based treatment approaches and are committed to tracking progress during therapy and utilise a range of outcome measures to monitor changes in our clients’ symptomatology over time.
(07) 2801 5072 View (07) 2801 5072
Photo of Arreesha Shaik - R.ACE- Rejoice A Choice for Emotional wellbeing, Social Worker, AMHSW
Choosing to prioritize emotional well-being can fundamentally transform one's life, fostering resilience, happiness, and improved relationships. It involves the conscious decision to engage in practices that nurture mental health, such as mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional regulation. By actively seeking to understand and manage our emotions, we can reduce stress, enhance our mood, and make more informed decisions. This choice also involves setting healthy boundaries, seeking support when necessary, and embracing a growth mindset that cultivates a more fulfilling and balanced life.
Choosing to prioritize emotional well-being can fundamentally transform one's life, fostering resilience, happiness, and improved relationships. It involves the conscious decision to engage in practices that nurture mental health, such as mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional regulation. By actively seeking to understand and manage our emotions, we can reduce stress, enhance our mood, and make more informed decisions. This choice also involves setting healthy boundaries, seeking support when necessary, and embracing a growth mindset that cultivates a more fulfilling and balanced life.
(07) 3477 9092 View (07) 3477 9092
Photo of Daniel Hayne, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Daniel Hayne
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Ipswich, QLD 4305
I work collaboratively with my clients to understand their story, including important life experiences and turning points that may have contributed to their current difficulties. I take a transdiagnostic approach, focusing less on diagnostic labels and more on the patterns that keep problems going. These patterns can include unhelpful habits, entrenched ways of thinking, emotional and relational dynamics, and ongoing life stressors. Often, it is these patterns, rather than the symptoms themselves, that cause problems. By addressing them we can work together to build new ways of responding that fit better with your values and goals.
I work collaboratively with my clients to understand their story, including important life experiences and turning points that may have contributed to their current difficulties. I take a transdiagnostic approach, focusing less on diagnostic labels and more on the patterns that keep problems going. These patterns can include unhelpful habits, entrenched ways of thinking, emotional and relational dynamics, and ongoing life stressors. Often, it is these patterns, rather than the symptoms themselves, that cause problems. By addressing them we can work together to build new ways of responding that fit better with your values and goals.
View
Photo of Eva Fritz, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Eva Fritz
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
2 Endorsed
Therapy with soul and spirit. Eva is a registered psychologist, as well as an artist and musician, who brings a creative, compassionate, and integrative approach to therapy. She is passionate about supporting individuals on their journey toward greater emotional freedom, fulfilment, and aligned self-expression. Eva has a particular interest working with people navigating burnout, imposter syndrome, disordered boundaries, intimate partner dynamics, women’s health, and identity. She also supports clients through life transitions and spiritual awakening, blending psychological insight with respect for the transformative journey.
Therapy with soul and spirit. Eva is a registered psychologist, as well as an artist and musician, who brings a creative, compassionate, and integrative approach to therapy. She is passionate about supporting individuals on their journey toward greater emotional freedom, fulfilment, and aligned self-expression. Eva has a particular interest working with people navigating burnout, imposter syndrome, disordered boundaries, intimate partner dynamics, women’s health, and identity. She also supports clients through life transitions and spiritual awakening, blending psychological insight with respect for the transformative journey.
(07) 2801 7472 View (07) 2801 7472
Photo of Tanya-Louise Anne Mitchell - The Resilience Hive - Tanya Mitchell, Counsellor, ACA-L2
The Resilience Hive - Tanya Mitchell
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Warwick, QLD 4370
Life’s changes can feel overwhelming, but therapy offers a space for clarity and growth. Welcome to the Resilience Hive! I’m Tanya, a registered Lvl 2 ACA Counsellor and Psychotherapist in Warwick, Queensland, and a Digital Lifeline Crisis Counsellor. I offer a strength-based, trauma-informed approach to support children, teens, adults, couples, and families navigating parenting stress, anxiety, grief, neurodivergence (Autism, ADHD), relationship challenges, workplace struggles, and more. My goal is to help you build resilience, develop coping skills, and achieve meaningful change in a compassionate space—tailored just for you.
Life’s changes can feel overwhelming, but therapy offers a space for clarity and growth. Welcome to the Resilience Hive! I’m Tanya, a registered Lvl 2 ACA Counsellor and Psychotherapist in Warwick, Queensland, and a Digital Lifeline Crisis Counsellor. I offer a strength-based, trauma-informed approach to support children, teens, adults, couples, and families navigating parenting stress, anxiety, grief, neurodivergence (Autism, ADHD), relationship challenges, workplace struggles, and more. My goal is to help you build resilience, develop coping skills, and achieve meaningful change in a compassionate space—tailored just for you.
(07) 4516 9006 View (07) 4516 9006

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 4405

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 4405 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
80% Family Conflict
80% Stress
70% Depression
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Bupa
67% Medicare Rebates
67% Medibank Private

How Therapists in 4405 see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

70% Female
30% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 4405?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.