Photo of Carolyn Jardine, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Carolyn Jardine
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Junortoun, VIC 3551
I assist clients who may be feeling a range of confusing and overwhelming thoughts and emotions in their life and, want to regain some sense of peace and hope for the future. You may be feeling stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, grief, anger and all the emotions that accompany a time when there is a loss of some kind. It may be the death of a loved one, but it can also be the loss of a relationship, friendship, independence, home, job, dreams and hopes or moving from one life stage to another.
I assist clients who may be feeling a range of confusing and overwhelming thoughts and emotions in their life and, want to regain some sense of peace and hope for the future. You may be feeling stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, grief, anger and all the emotions that accompany a time when there is a loss of some kind. It may be the death of a loved one, but it can also be the loss of a relationship, friendship, independence, home, job, dreams and hopes or moving from one life stage to another.
(03) 4422 2235 View (03) 4422 2235
Photo of Venessa Nadolnik, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Venessa Nadolnik
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Epsom, VIC 3551
If I imagine clients who would really benefit of reaching out to me, I see individuals who struggle with intense emotions, challenging relationships (with self and others), overwhelming cycles of anxiety, self-doubt and unhelpful coping behaviours, which are influence by complex mental health issues like eating disorders, personality disorders or past trauma. They seek a safe, supportive space to gain clarity and control. Their goals include building self-understanding, inner peace, and healthier habits. They’re ready to invest in therapy for sustainable growth, seeking guidance, tools, and genuine connection to make lasting change.
If I imagine clients who would really benefit of reaching out to me, I see individuals who struggle with intense emotions, challenging relationships (with self and others), overwhelming cycles of anxiety, self-doubt and unhelpful coping behaviours, which are influence by complex mental health issues like eating disorders, personality disorders or past trauma. They seek a safe, supportive space to gain clarity and control. Their goals include building self-understanding, inner peace, and healthier habits. They’re ready to invest in therapy for sustainable growth, seeking guidance, tools, and genuine connection to make lasting change.
(03) 4421 6732 View (03) 4421 6732
Photo of Katie Varallo, Counsellor, MA, AThR
Katie Varallo
Counsellor, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Play, create, move and more, to inquire into your inner worlds, develop a deeper sense of self, and build stronger connections to self, others, and the world around. Trauma limits our capacity to see ourselves as we truly are. Playful and creative therapies can strengthen our sense of self, and support healing for both children who have experienced trauma, and adults who have experienced childhood trauma.
Play, create, move and more, to inquire into your inner worlds, develop a deeper sense of self, and build stronger connections to self, others, and the world around. Trauma limits our capacity to see ourselves as we truly are. Playful and creative therapies can strengthen our sense of self, and support healing for both children who have experienced trauma, and adults who have experienced childhood trauma.
(03) 4420 3903 View (03) 4420 3903
Photo of Sylvia Charlton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Sylvia Charlton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you experience the impact of past trauma in your day to day life? Do you experience flashbacks, nightmares, or are triggered by certain things associated with memories from events that happened in the past? I can help you to understand your autonomic nervous system and why you experience defensive reactions such as fight, flight and freeze in certain situations long after the traumatic event happened. I can help you to recognise when the triggers impact your nervous system and your reaction to them. We can work towards returning the trauma to the past where it belongs, and restore your felt sense of safety.
Do you experience the impact of past trauma in your day to day life? Do you experience flashbacks, nightmares, or are triggered by certain things associated with memories from events that happened in the past? I can help you to understand your autonomic nervous system and why you experience defensive reactions such as fight, flight and freeze in certain situations long after the traumatic event happened. I can help you to recognise when the triggers impact your nervous system and your reaction to them. We can work towards returning the trauma to the past where it belongs, and restore your felt sense of safety.
(03) 4427 9997 View (03) 4427 9997
Photo of Ali Burley, Counsellor
Ali Burley
Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life can be exhilarating and scary at the same time. Figuring out what’s important to us and how to get it can be tricky. I particularly love working with 15-25 year olds and anyone who still feels like a big kid..so let’s talk...0402437406. Want to clarify how you got to be who you are? Need help to accept your likeable and not so likeable self? Want to explore your identity and establish your independence? Relationships not going the way you would like?
Life can be exhilarating and scary at the same time. Figuring out what’s important to us and how to get it can be tricky. I particularly love working with 15-25 year olds and anyone who still feels like a big kid..so let’s talk...0402437406. Want to clarify how you got to be who you are? Need help to accept your likeable and not so likeable self? Want to explore your identity and establish your independence? Relationships not going the way you would like?
(03) 8771 5947 View (03) 8771 5947
Photo of Genevieve Thornton, Counsellor, MA, AThR
Genevieve Thornton
Counsellor, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My approach is warm, person-centred and collaborative. I am a Counsellor and Art Therapist specialising in working with children, adolescents, and adults. I offer professional support and guidance to individuals.
My approach is warm, person-centred and collaborative. I am a Counsellor and Art Therapist specialising in working with children, adolescents, and adults. I offer professional support and guidance to individuals.
(03) 4422 2080 View (03) 4422 2080
Photo of Marley Wood - Your Wise Counselling
Your Wise Counselling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have been privileged to meet people from all walks of life who have added so much value to both my personal and professional development. I have worked within the Community Services and Mental Health Services Sector now for approximately 21 years. Over this time, I have met and supported people living in nursing homes who were at their end stage of life, people with differing abilities, and individuals that are confined within the Victorian prison system. I have also facilitated men’s behaviour change programs for both mandated and non-mandated members, supporting them to understand the differences between abusive and non-abusive
I have been privileged to meet people from all walks of life who have added so much value to both my personal and professional development. I have worked within the Community Services and Mental Health Services Sector now for approximately 21 years. Over this time, I have met and supported people living in nursing homes who were at their end stage of life, people with differing abilities, and individuals that are confined within the Victorian prison system. I have also facilitated men’s behaviour change programs for both mandated and non-mandated members, supporting them to understand the differences between abusive and non-abusive
(03) 4420 3544 View (03) 4420 3544
Photo of Karen Barnes, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Karen Barnes
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Online Only
Karen is an Australian Registered Psychologist with a range of experience over clinical, vocational, and more complex settings. As well as holding full APS membership, she is also a member of the Positive Psychology, Trauma and Psychology, and Intellectual Disability and Autism groups. With a passion for Individuality and Neurodiversity, she applies this approach to every unique individual she works with to explore and develop the person’s strengths and talents to assist in empowering them to achieve their goals.
Karen is an Australian Registered Psychologist with a range of experience over clinical, vocational, and more complex settings. As well as holding full APS membership, she is also a member of the Positive Psychology, Trauma and Psychology, and Intellectual Disability and Autism groups. With a passion for Individuality and Neurodiversity, she applies this approach to every unique individual she works with to explore and develop the person’s strengths and talents to assist in empowering them to achieve their goals.
1800 327 477 View 1800 327 477
Photo of Loz Craig - Trafmor Group , Counsellor, ACA-L3
Trafmor Group
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Do you feel depressed? overwhelmed? like there is too much going on or your losing control of your life? Are you an emotional wreck? Feeling sad, angry or just over it all...Not concentrating at work, around others? Are you getting frustrated or angry with other people...sounds like your mental or emotional health is a little out of balance - that's where we can help. We all need either a minor or a major tune up every now and then.
Do you feel depressed? overwhelmed? like there is too much going on or your losing control of your life? Are you an emotional wreck? Feeling sad, angry or just over it all...Not concentrating at work, around others? Are you getting frustrated or angry with other people...sounds like your mental or emotional health is a little out of balance - that's where we can help. We all need either a minor or a major tune up every now and then.
(03) 4160 2522 View (03) 4160 2522
Photo of Claire Weightman, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Claire Weightman
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Online Only
(03) 4422 2443 View (03) 4422 2443

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kathryn Anne Fortuna, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Kathryn Anne Fortuna
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bendigo, VIC 3550
Counsellor. Relationship Counsellor. Workplace Wellness. Organisations. The Anna Centres Business Development Counsellor. EAP Specialist. Specialising in Relationship Counselling. Your relationship with yourself and others. This includes building strong communication, respect and intimacy. I also support Families, Individuals and Teens to explore their feelings, clear old patterns, ignite self-awareness, build resourcefulness and feel more purposeful. I offer support with relationship building, parenting, clarity of thoughts, addressing behaviours, thought patterns & issues like anxiety & stress.
Counsellor. Relationship Counsellor. Workplace Wellness. Organisations. The Anna Centres Business Development Counsellor. EAP Specialist. Specialising in Relationship Counselling. Your relationship with yourself and others. This includes building strong communication, respect and intimacy. I also support Families, Individuals and Teens to explore their feelings, clear old patterns, ignite self-awareness, build resourcefulness and feel more purposeful. I offer support with relationship building, parenting, clarity of thoughts, addressing behaviours, thought patterns & issues like anxiety & stress.
(03) 4420 9660 View (03) 4420 9660
Photo of Jordan Shane Springer - Boundless Minds Therapy, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Boundless Minds Therapy
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Jordan and I am a registered Psychologist located in Ballarat, Victoria. I work with people over the age of 16 in enhancing the quality of their life, from boosting their confidence, building healthier relationships to finding more meaning and purpose in their lives. Supporting people to achieve their mental health goals by empowering them to overcome personal challenges and build resilience is something I'm passionate about.
Hi, I'm Jordan and I am a registered Psychologist located in Ballarat, Victoria. I work with people over the age of 16 in enhancing the quality of their life, from boosting their confidence, building healthier relationships to finding more meaning and purpose in their lives. Supporting people to achieve their mental health goals by empowering them to overcome personal challenges and build resilience is something I'm passionate about.
(03) 4327 9375 View (03) 4327 9375
Photo of Oli Doyle, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Oli Doyle
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Bendigo, VIC 3550
Whether you're struggling with the after effects of trauma, the alarm bell of anxiety or the emptiness of depression, life inside a human mind can be painful. If you're stuck underneath a difficult problem or you can't seem to get your life on track, the problem may not be what it seems. We all try to improve our lives by changing the world around us or controlling what we think and feel, but those approaches don't really seem to work, and sometimes the things we do to control how we feel become problems in themselves. If your past looms large or the thoughts of the future provoke a constant anxiety, you've come to the right place.
Whether you're struggling with the after effects of trauma, the alarm bell of anxiety or the emptiness of depression, life inside a human mind can be painful. If you're stuck underneath a difficult problem or you can't seem to get your life on track, the problem may not be what it seems. We all try to improve our lives by changing the world around us or controlling what we think and feel, but those approaches don't really seem to work, and sometimes the things we do to control how we feel become problems in themselves. If your past looms large or the thoughts of the future provoke a constant anxiety, you've come to the right place.
(03) 4427 9709 View (03) 4427 9709
Photo of Kim Revell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Kim Revell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Are you feeling that talk therapies aren’t quite getting to the heart of the problem? Are you or your kids experiencing big emotions that appear out of nowhere and can’t quite be explained by words? Do your kids need help, but encouraging them to attend sessions has turned into a weekly carpark battle? Do you want a therapist who can work creatively with your family rather than answering questions like a textbook? Do you wish therapy could just simply feel easier?
Are you feeling that talk therapies aren’t quite getting to the heart of the problem? Are you or your kids experiencing big emotions that appear out of nowhere and can’t quite be explained by words? Do your kids need help, but encouraging them to attend sessions has turned into a weekly carpark battle? Do you want a therapist who can work creatively with your family rather than answering questions like a textbook? Do you wish therapy could just simply feel easier?
(03) 4320 5120 View (03) 4320 5120
Photo of Rebecca Biggs - RB Psychology , Psychologist, PsyBA General
RB Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi. I'm Rebecca. I am a registered psychologist with extensive experience in a variety of settings, including the mental health sector, non-profit organisations and government departments. I have a passion for working with youth and have experience in working with people with a broad range of mental health and wellbeing issues, including complex trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, problem behaviours and identity issues.
Hi. I'm Rebecca. I am a registered psychologist with extensive experience in a variety of settings, including the mental health sector, non-profit organisations and government departments. I have a passion for working with youth and have experience in working with people with a broad range of mental health and wellbeing issues, including complex trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, problem behaviours and identity issues.
(02) 3820 5950 View (02) 3820 5950
Photo of Christian Long - Chris Long Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Chris Long Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I take pride in working with people to support them to achieve their goals and to lead a fulfilling life. I commit to individualised and evidence-based practice, which means holding you as the client at the centre of therapeutic work whilst providing psychotherapy supported by clinical research. I have experience working with across the lifespan, and use treatments including: CBT, DBT, Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT), and mindfulness-based approaches. These are treatments used for working on depression, anxiety, trauma, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, ADHD, substance use, chronic pain and personality disorders.
I take pride in working with people to support them to achieve their goals and to lead a fulfilling life. I commit to individualised and evidence-based practice, which means holding you as the client at the centre of therapeutic work whilst providing psychotherapy supported by clinical research. I have experience working with across the lifespan, and use treatments including: CBT, DBT, Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT), and mindfulness-based approaches. These are treatments used for working on depression, anxiety, trauma, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, ADHD, substance use, chronic pain and personality disorders.
View
Photo of Deirdre Rolfe - CounsellorOnCall, Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
CounsellorOnCall
Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Trauma isn’t the events in the past it’s the adaptogens you learned in survival mode . Addictions, abusive relationships, anxiety, depression, people pleasing , and negative patterns , thoughts or beliefs . I have a lived trauma experience and focus on the solutions or new adaptogens that rewire your brain and calms your nervous system . With extensive training and 30 yrs professional experience in Jungian Psychology, EMDR, Flash, Havening, NLP, DBT, ACT ,CBT, Psychodynamic , somatic, & Clinical Hypnosis , I’m solutions focused in behavioural change and encourage the Neuro plasticity abilities of your brain to heal thy self!
Trauma isn’t the events in the past it’s the adaptogens you learned in survival mode . Addictions, abusive relationships, anxiety, depression, people pleasing , and negative patterns , thoughts or beliefs . I have a lived trauma experience and focus on the solutions or new adaptogens that rewire your brain and calms your nervous system . With extensive training and 30 yrs professional experience in Jungian Psychology, EMDR, Flash, Havening, NLP, DBT, ACT ,CBT, Psychodynamic , somatic, & Clinical Hypnosis , I’m solutions focused in behavioural change and encourage the Neuro plasticity abilities of your brain to heal thy self!
(03) 4422 4813 View (03) 4422 4813
Photo of Laura Hvala - Mandala Health: Counselling Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MPsych, ACA-L4
Mandala Health: Counselling Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MPsych, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hello, my name is Laura. I'm a psychotherapist & relationship counsellor. My therapeutic approach is guided by depth-psychodynamic and analytical principles (est. by Carl Jung). I help clients work through difficult life situations to resolve painful emotional processes, such as depression, anxiety, anger, grief, sadness, isolation & despair, to gain new insights, understanding and acceptance; and to develop deeper, more authentic and intimate relationships with others. I also recognise and provide specialised interventions for complex trauma & PTSD; including: TRTP (The Richards Trauma Process), EMDR, TFT & Sandplay therapy.
Hello, my name is Laura. I'm a psychotherapist & relationship counsellor. My therapeutic approach is guided by depth-psychodynamic and analytical principles (est. by Carl Jung). I help clients work through difficult life situations to resolve painful emotional processes, such as depression, anxiety, anger, grief, sadness, isolation & despair, to gain new insights, understanding and acceptance; and to develop deeper, more authentic and intimate relationships with others. I also recognise and provide specialised interventions for complex trauma & PTSD; including: TRTP (The Richards Trauma Process), EMDR, TFT & Sandplay therapy.
(03) 4427 7446 View (03) 4427 7446
Photo of Louise Jansz - Fourfold Therapy, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Louise Jansz - Fourfold Therapy
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Louise is a PACFA registered psychotherapist and holistic counsellor. Using targeted interventions, including somatic experiencing and brainspotting, I guide you through life's transitions, fostering self-discovery and growth. I support both lifelong questing and short term crisis. You may be facing uncertainty, anxiety, depression, addiction or an identity crisis. We will work on strategies to manage emotions and adapt to changing circumstances. I create a safe haven to foster self-compassion, self-understanding as you learn to self-regulate, build resilience and communicate your needs as you gain momentum back in your life.
Louise is a PACFA registered psychotherapist and holistic counsellor. Using targeted interventions, including somatic experiencing and brainspotting, I guide you through life's transitions, fostering self-discovery and growth. I support both lifelong questing and short term crisis. You may be facing uncertainty, anxiety, depression, addiction or an identity crisis. We will work on strategies to manage emotions and adapt to changing circumstances. I create a safe haven to foster self-compassion, self-understanding as you learn to self-regulate, build resilience and communicate your needs as you gain momentum back in your life.
(03) 4240 3277 View (03) 4240 3277
Photo of Marita Jacobsson, Counsellor, MA, AThR
Marita Jacobsson
Counsellor, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
Castlemaine, VIC 3450
Even if you feel you're not creative or can't do art, I gently offer a creative process for you on your journey. We can also use talking only, if you prefer....Weaving arts-based inquiry, with trauma-informed counselling, we can explore other ways to live well with emotional and physical pain or diagnosed illnesses, to find wisdom to live with more wellbeing and enlivenment. We can co-create to find the best map forward for you, reflecting/updating along the way. I walk along with you as a companion, where we explore, express and experience together to discover your innate healing energy and thread this into your life, in your way..
Even if you feel you're not creative or can't do art, I gently offer a creative process for you on your journey. We can also use talking only, if you prefer....Weaving arts-based inquiry, with trauma-informed counselling, we can explore other ways to live well with emotional and physical pain or diagnosed illnesses, to find wisdom to live with more wellbeing and enlivenment. We can co-create to find the best map forward for you, reflecting/updating along the way. I walk along with you as a companion, where we explore, express and experience together to discover your innate healing energy and thread this into your life, in your way..
(03) 6317 5001 View (03) 6317 5001

See more therapy options for 3551

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 3551

10+

Average cost per session

$147

Counsellors in 3551 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
80% Depression
70% Trauma and PTSD
60% Coping Skills
60% Stress
50% Bereavement
50% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Medicare Rebates
60% NDIS
40% Bupa

How Counsellors in 3551 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3551?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.