Photo of Su Arzia, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Su Arzia
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Are you struggling, wanting to overcome your challenges and starting your healing journey? Su is a kind and compassionate therapist with a calm and warm presence who put 100 % effort in supporting you. She is fluent in both English and Thai (ไทย). She has experience in many areas especially in working with women and children traumatised by family violence and people who experienced childhood trauma. She also has skills and experience with cross cultural relationships. Su utilises a combination of Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Psychodynamic and Schema-informed therapy.
Are you struggling, wanting to overcome your challenges and starting your healing journey? Su is a kind and compassionate therapist with a calm and warm presence who put 100 % effort in supporting you. She is fluent in both English and Thai (ไทย). She has experience in many areas especially in working with women and children traumatised by family violence and people who experienced childhood trauma. She also has skills and experience with cross cultural relationships. Su utilises a combination of Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Psychodynamic and Schema-informed therapy.
(08) 9126 9129 View (08) 9126 9129
Photo of Athena Phythian, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Athena Phythian
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
I am a psychologist working at my clinic located in Melbourne, Australia. I also work with clients across Australia via telehealth. I can offer you a safe and welcoming environment in which to talk about your thoughts and feelings. I am experienced in treating depression, anxiety/panic, loneliness, low self-esteem, relationship issues, PTSD/trauma, OCD, self-harm and suicidal behaviours. I also work with clients with Autism and ADHD.
I am a psychologist working at my clinic located in Melbourne, Australia. I also work with clients across Australia via telehealth. I can offer you a safe and welcoming environment in which to talk about your thoughts and feelings. I am experienced in treating depression, anxiety/panic, loneliness, low self-esteem, relationship issues, PTSD/trauma, OCD, self-harm and suicidal behaviours. I also work with clients with Autism and ADHD.
(03) 7500 5735 View (03) 7500 5735
Photo of Alexina Mary Baldini - Enable Workplace Consulting, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Enable Workplace Consulting
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
We specialise in providing support to those with workplace needs including dealing with bullying, harassment and other interpersonal conflict. Our expertise has been developed over the past 30+ years and our experienced psychologists and industrial consultants provide accessible and practical support for workplace personnel responsible for the wellbeing of their staff. We also provide training and consultancy in areas such as crisis response, psychological first aid, negotiation skills and mediation. contact us for further details about solving your ‘people problems’ in effective compassionate and comprehensive ways tailored to you
We specialise in providing support to those with workplace needs including dealing with bullying, harassment and other interpersonal conflict. Our expertise has been developed over the past 30+ years and our experienced psychologists and industrial consultants provide accessible and practical support for workplace personnel responsible for the wellbeing of their staff. We also provide training and consultancy in areas such as crisis response, psychological first aid, negotiation skills and mediation. contact us for further details about solving your ‘people problems’ in effective compassionate and comprehensive ways tailored to you
(03) 9069 9733 View (03) 9069 9733
Photo of Akriti (Aki) Shrestha, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Akriti (Aki) Shrestha
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Akriti Shrestha (Aki) is a trilingual registered General Psychologist with a Masters in Psychology (Counselling Psychology). She has had experience working in both private and public communities with families and individuals, regarding complex situations pertaining to trauma, abuse, neglect, and family violence. She has worked with individuals of all age groups- from teenagers to older adults. She has also had experience completing Intelligence tests for children and has successfully conducted parenting programs aimed at helping parents of teenagers. ​
Akriti Shrestha (Aki) is a trilingual registered General Psychologist with a Masters in Psychology (Counselling Psychology). She has had experience working in both private and public communities with families and individuals, regarding complex situations pertaining to trauma, abuse, neglect, and family violence. She has worked with individuals of all age groups- from teenagers to older adults. She has also had experience completing Intelligence tests for children and has successfully conducted parenting programs aimed at helping parents of teenagers. ​
(03) 9560 8880 View (03) 9560 8880
Photo of Aleksandra Kajpust, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Aleksandra Kajpust
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171  (Online Only)
I am a passionate, caring and dedicated European who loves helping others. I travel and engage with others with passion and am curious about the world and people. I have developed a reputation for an inquisitive and warm environment in the therapy room. I believe my good energy and genuine enthusiasm encourages people to learn about their mind and behaviour! I love working with kids, adolescents, and adults who have a strong desire to question and understand themselves in their own unique ways. I work collaboratively to develop an evidence-based treatment plan with my clients, empowering them to take control of their lives and goals
I am a passionate, caring and dedicated European who loves helping others. I travel and engage with others with passion and am curious about the world and people. I have developed a reputation for an inquisitive and warm environment in the therapy room. I believe my good energy and genuine enthusiasm encourages people to learn about their mind and behaviour! I love working with kids, adolescents, and adults who have a strong desire to question and understand themselves in their own unique ways. I work collaboratively to develop an evidence-based treatment plan with my clients, empowering them to take control of their lives and goals
(03) 7500 5037 View (03) 7500 5037
Photo of David Wing Kwan Wu, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
David Wing Kwan Wu
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springvale, VIC 3171
Life will go in so many different, and at times difficult, directions with seemingly very little you can do about it. I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their unique journeys through life. Your mental well-being is a delicate and dynamic balance that sometimes feels emotionally challenging. But here’s the crucial perspective shift I’d like to offer: these challenges are not signs of weakness or failure, they are a natural part of our personal evolution, much like the flow of life itself. Working as a psychologist, what I’ve learned is that individuals have incredible strengths that reside within each of us.
Life will go in so many different, and at times difficult, directions with seemingly very little you can do about it. I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their unique journeys through life. Your mental well-being is a delicate and dynamic balance that sometimes feels emotionally challenging. But here’s the crucial perspective shift I’d like to offer: these challenges are not signs of weakness or failure, they are a natural part of our personal evolution, much like the flow of life itself. Working as a psychologist, what I’ve learned is that individuals have incredible strengths that reside within each of us.
(03) 7500 5436 View (03) 7500 5436
Dr Caroline Aazami
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
As a dedicated psychologist, my primary goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. I believe that every person has the capacity for growth and healing, and I’m here to walk alongside you on that journey. With a focus on empathy and collaboration, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs, ensuring that you feel heard and understood. Together, we can navigate challenges and work towards your personal goals, fostering resilience and well-being. Trust is the foundation of our work, and I am committed to building that with you every step of the way.
As a dedicated psychologist, my primary goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. I believe that every person has the capacity for growth and healing, and I’m here to walk alongside you on that journey. With a focus on empathy and collaboration, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs, ensuring that you feel heard and understood. Together, we can navigate challenges and work towards your personal goals, fostering resilience and well-being. Trust is the foundation of our work, and I am committed to building that with you every step of the way.
(03) 7500 5493 View (03) 7500 5493
Photo of Laura Prior, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Prior
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
I work with people who are feeling overwhelmed and stressed; are being held back by anxiety or depression; are concerned about their drug and/or alcohol use; or are trying to support someone with substance use issues. I understand that these issues can be complex and multifaceted. I work with people to manage their issues while learning new coping skills, building their self-esteem and capacity using their strengths in order to achieve their goals.
I work with people who are feeling overwhelmed and stressed; are being held back by anxiety or depression; are concerned about their drug and/or alcohol use; or are trying to support someone with substance use issues. I understand that these issues can be complex and multifaceted. I work with people to manage their issues while learning new coping skills, building their self-esteem and capacity using their strengths in order to achieve their goals.
(03) 8613 3470 View (03) 8613 3470
Photo of Ruth Adams - Ruth Adams Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Ruth Adams Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
I am a holistic Psychologist with ten years experience working with people who have experienced trauma, complex relationships, financial and work related stress, as well as parenting and generational tension.
I am a holistic Psychologist with ten years experience working with people who have experienced trauma, complex relationships, financial and work related stress, as well as parenting and generational tension.
(03) 7500 5881 View (03) 7500 5881
Photo of Rishi Sharma - Indus Therapy Consulting, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rishi Sharma - Indus Therapy Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Finding yourself doing head miles, feeling hopeless or overwhelmed by recent changes in life? Ever feel that you are carrying the burden of the world on your shoulders since COVID came around? Do you no longer find joy in the things you used to enjoy or are unable to remember what life used to be like before COVID came around?Have you tried therapy before and didn’t feel understood? If you are a person of colour and struggle to find therapists who understand your culture, I hope to provide you with better service. Give us a call or leave an enquiry on the website and we will walk you through your journey to a better life.
Finding yourself doing head miles, feeling hopeless or overwhelmed by recent changes in life? Ever feel that you are carrying the burden of the world on your shoulders since COVID came around? Do you no longer find joy in the things you used to enjoy or are unable to remember what life used to be like before COVID came around?Have you tried therapy before and didn’t feel understood? If you are a person of colour and struggle to find therapists who understand your culture, I hope to provide you with better service. Give us a call or leave an enquiry on the website and we will walk you through your journey to a better life.
(03) 8373 4649 View (03) 8373 4649
Photo of Humaira Hamimi, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Humaira Hamimi
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171  (Online Only)
Humaira Hamimi is a bilingual psychologist (Speaks Dari) who helps guide adults, adolescents and children in resolving personal, social and psychological difficulties. Humaira has extensive experience working with individuals who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, parenting difficulties and relationship challenges. She works with issues related to refugees and asylum seekers related to identity, life cycle and grief and loss. She specialises in working with attachment trauma, domestic violence issues and trauma that occur in intimate relationships. Humaira accepts clients on NDIS, work cover and TAC.
Humaira Hamimi is a bilingual psychologist (Speaks Dari) who helps guide adults, adolescents and children in resolving personal, social and psychological difficulties. Humaira has extensive experience working with individuals who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, parenting difficulties and relationship challenges. She works with issues related to refugees and asylum seekers related to identity, life cycle and grief and loss. She specialises in working with attachment trauma, domestic violence issues and trauma that occur in intimate relationships. Humaira accepts clients on NDIS, work cover and TAC.
(03) 9069 8783 View (03) 9069 8783
Photo of Kay Wise, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Kay Wise
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springvale, VIC 3171
I'm passionate about Counselling and supporting people who are experiencing challenging times with their mental health, family violence, trauma related issues, sexual abuse and childhood trauma, healthy/unhealthy relationships, anger management, addictions, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, grief and loss, life challenges, disabilities ,work or carer challenges, and parenting skills, . Building on their strengths and teaching strategies such as EFT, Breathwork & grounding to build confidence and improve coping skills, giving clients a voice to feel heard and walking alongside them through their healing journey to reach their goals.
I'm passionate about Counselling and supporting people who are experiencing challenging times with their mental health, family violence, trauma related issues, sexual abuse and childhood trauma, healthy/unhealthy relationships, anger management, addictions, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, grief and loss, life challenges, disabilities ,work or carer challenges, and parenting skills, . Building on their strengths and teaching strategies such as EFT, Breathwork & grounding to build confidence and improve coping skills, giving clients a voice to feel heard and walking alongside them through their healing journey to reach their goals.
(03) 5907 5000 View (03) 5907 5000
Photo of Benny Wong, MPsych, PsyBA Prov, Psychologist
Benny Wong
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Prov
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Benny is dedicated to creating a nurturing and understanding environment where clients feel heard, accepted and supported. He is passionate about building trusting therapeutic relationships, which he believes are essential for clients to fully express their experiences and embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth. Benny’s empathetic approach ensures that clients feel safe and valued, enabling them to reflect deeply and gain new insights into their lives.
Benny is dedicated to creating a nurturing and understanding environment where clients feel heard, accepted and supported. He is passionate about building trusting therapeutic relationships, which he believes are essential for clients to fully express their experiences and embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth. Benny’s empathetic approach ensures that clients feel safe and valued, enabling them to reflect deeply and gain new insights into their lives.
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Photo of Catherine Chan-Kwa - Soteria Consulting, MA, MAPS, Psychologist
Soteria Consulting
Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Catherine works with people of all ages and backgrounds; individuals as well as groups. She is able to provide counselling services in English as well as Cantonese. Whether you are seeking a confidential individual consultation or organisational consultation, she can help you work through these challenges and provide you the best avenue to move forward.
Catherine works with people of all ages and backgrounds; individuals as well as groups. She is able to provide counselling services in English as well as Cantonese. Whether you are seeking a confidential individual consultation or organisational consultation, she can help you work through these challenges and provide you the best avenue to move forward.
0430 110 529 View 0430 110 529
Photo of Uyen (Winnie) Ai Pham, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Uyen (Winnie) Ai Pham
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Winnie sees clients with a broad range of presenting issues including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, family violence, sexual assaults, pain management, grief, trauma, PTSD, and is experienced working with refugees. She is able to provide counselling services in English as well as Vietnamese and works with children, youth, and adults. She has more than 12 years experience and practice, and began her psychology career as a counsellor with the Victorian Aboriginal Health Services. Winnie has knowledge and skills working with a wide range of age groups including, children, youth, adults, and the elderly.
Winnie sees clients with a broad range of presenting issues including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, family violence, sexual assaults, pain management, grief, trauma, PTSD, and is experienced working with refugees. She is able to provide counselling services in English as well as Vietnamese and works with children, youth, and adults. She has more than 12 years experience and practice, and began her psychology career as a counsellor with the Victorian Aboriginal Health Services. Winnie has knowledge and skills working with a wide range of age groups including, children, youth, adults, and the elderly.
(03) 9560 8880 View (03) 9560 8880
Photo of Murray Sibbison - Prodigal Family Services, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Prodigal Family Services
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Hi, my name is Murray. I'm an Addiction Specialist, who offers Specialised Counselling, General Counselling and Christian Counselling. With an extensive background in addictions, my knowledge of the topic reaches beyond the norm having lived my own personal experience seeking help and residential rehabilitation for a drug and alcohol addiction and deteriorating mental health as a young adult. I have over ten years’ professional experience in the Alcohol & Other Drug (AOD) sector, and eight years professional experience as a counsellor, including six years living and working in a residential drug & alcohol rehabilitation centre.
Hi, my name is Murray. I'm an Addiction Specialist, who offers Specialised Counselling, General Counselling and Christian Counselling. With an extensive background in addictions, my knowledge of the topic reaches beyond the norm having lived my own personal experience seeking help and residential rehabilitation for a drug and alcohol addiction and deteriorating mental health as a young adult. I have over ten years’ professional experience in the Alcohol & Other Drug (AOD) sector, and eight years professional experience as a counsellor, including six years living and working in a residential drug & alcohol rehabilitation centre.
(03) 8658 8900 View (03) 8658 8900
Photo of Kim Dang - KD Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
KD Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Kim is a registered psychologist who is experienced in delivering individual counselling and psychotherapy, assessments, and report writing to diverse populations across the lifespan (adults, adolescents, children). She believes that every client is unique in their needs, goals, and life experiences and takes an individualised client-focused approach in her practice of psychology.
Kim is a registered psychologist who is experienced in delivering individual counselling and psychotherapy, assessments, and report writing to diverse populations across the lifespan (adults, adolescents, children). She believes that every client is unique in their needs, goals, and life experiences and takes an individualised client-focused approach in her practice of psychology.
0490 022 973 View 0490 022 973
Photo of Melissa Yuhui Wong, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
Melissa Yuhui Wong
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Waitlist for new clients
You may be struggling with anxiety and/or depression. You may be experiencing a number of difficulties which require a psychological evaluation to find clarity; perhaps a diagnosis and recommendations for strategies to deal with your problems.
You may be struggling with anxiety and/or depression. You may be experiencing a number of difficulties which require a psychological evaluation to find clarity; perhaps a diagnosis and recommendations for strategies to deal with your problems.
(03) 9034 8472 View (03) 9034 8472
Photo of Daniela Petrovic - Soul Village Therapy, ACA-L3, Psychotherapist
Soul Village Therapy
Psychotherapist, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springvale, VIC 3171
I provide online therapy for highly sensitive people and for those with trauma and general concerns, in a safe container 1:1 in the form of psychotherapy and holistic counselling. I understand the challenges that come with being a sensitive person in a fast-paced world, and I’m here to support you in finding your own path to peace and self-acceptance. My work is not just about addressing immediate concerns like anxiety, depression, or life transitions, but about empowering you to embrace who you are at your core.​
I provide online therapy for highly sensitive people and for those with trauma and general concerns, in a safe container 1:1 in the form of psychotherapy and holistic counselling. I understand the challenges that come with being a sensitive person in a fast-paced world, and I’m here to support you in finding your own path to peace and self-acceptance. My work is not just about addressing immediate concerns like anxiety, depression, or life transitions, but about empowering you to embrace who you are at your core.​
(03) 7500 5036 View (03) 7500 5036
Photo of Hoa Pham - People Psychology, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Hoa Pham - People Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Springvale, VIC 3171
Hoa is a fully registered counselling Psychologist who works with adults with a wide range of presenting issues including stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties. She is passionate about providing a safe space for clients to explore their situations and investigate ways for change. How can Hoa help you? Whether you need support, guidance, motivation or counselling, she can assist you in your journey. Please feel free to book an initial consultation with her.
Hoa is a fully registered counselling Psychologist who works with adults with a wide range of presenting issues including stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties. She is passionate about providing a safe space for clients to explore their situations and investigate ways for change. How can Hoa help you? Whether you need support, guidance, motivation or counselling, she can assist you in your journey. Please feel free to book an initial consultation with her.
(03) 9034 6053 View (03) 9034 6053

See more therapy options for 3171

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 3171

20+

Average cost per session

$192

Counsellors in 3171 who prioritize treating:

90% Depression
90% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
80% Stress
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Medicare Rebates
71% Bupa
71% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in 3171 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3171?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.