Dr Caroline Aazami
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
As a dedicated psychologist, my primary goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. I believe that every person has the capacity for growth and healing, and I’m here to walk alongside you on that journey. With a focus on empathy and collaboration, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs, ensuring that you feel heard and understood. Together, we can navigate challenges and work towards your personal goals, fostering resilience and well-being. Trust is the foundation of our work, and I am committed to building that with you every step of the way.
As a dedicated psychologist, my primary goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. I believe that every person has the capacity for growth and healing, and I’m here to walk alongside you on that journey. With a focus on empathy and collaboration, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs, ensuring that you feel heard and understood. Together, we can navigate challenges and work towards your personal goals, fostering resilience and well-being. Trust is the foundation of our work, and I am committed to building that with you every step of the way.
(03) 7500 5493 View (03) 7500 5493
Photo of Abirami D, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Abirami D
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
I welcome individuals navigating challenges such as depression, stress, anxiety, and grief, as well as those encountering relationship and family conflicts. Additionally, I offer coaching to support your personal development journey. Within a safe and supportive environment, you will have the opportunity to freely explore your feelings and experiences. Together, we will work towards developing effective coping strategies and cultivating resilience to overcome your struggles. My ultimate goal is to empower you on your path to emotional well-being and personal growth, enabling you to lead a fulfilling and satisfying life.
I welcome individuals navigating challenges such as depression, stress, anxiety, and grief, as well as those encountering relationship and family conflicts. Additionally, I offer coaching to support your personal development journey. Within a safe and supportive environment, you will have the opportunity to freely explore your feelings and experiences. Together, we will work towards developing effective coping strategies and cultivating resilience to overcome your struggles. My ultimate goal is to empower you on your path to emotional well-being and personal growth, enabling you to lead a fulfilling and satisfying life.
0423 850 212 View 0423 850 212
Photo of Sujith Gunawardana, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Sujith Gunawardana
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
I am a Diploma qualified Counsellor from the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors. (AIPC). Also a member of the Australian Counselling Association (ACA) I follow and abide by the Code of Ethics of the association. Having lived in three different countries, I have been exposed to various societies and customs, hence am comfortable dealing with different types of people and cultures. Life experiences play a big part in being able to have empathy and I will give my unconditional positive regard and attention to every individual as everyone’s story is unique and worth listening too.
I am a Diploma qualified Counsellor from the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors. (AIPC). Also a member of the Australian Counselling Association (ACA) I follow and abide by the Code of Ethics of the association. Having lived in three different countries, I have been exposed to various societies and customs, hence am comfortable dealing with different types of people and cultures. Life experiences play a big part in being able to have empathy and I will give my unconditional positive regard and attention to every individual as everyone’s story is unique and worth listening too.
(03) 8592 7022 View (03) 8592 7022
Photo of Kellie Walsh, MC, PACFA, Counsellor
Kellie Walsh
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
Notting Hill, VIC 3168
Struggling with something but not sure what? Or perhaps you know what your struggle is but can't find a way to feel better or move forward. Let's work together to figure things out and find solutions that work for you. I have a special interest in helping improve relationships, and enjoy working with couples where one or both is neurodivergent (or may be).
Struggling with something but not sure what? Or perhaps you know what your struggle is but can't find a way to feel better or move forward. Let's work together to figure things out and find solutions that work for you. I have a special interest in helping improve relationships, and enjoy working with couples where one or both is neurodivergent (or may be).
(03) 7500 5884 View (03) 7500 5884
Photo of Dina H Shurti - Dina Shurti @ SALAM Holistic Psychology , MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Dina Shurti @ SALAM Holistic Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168  (Online Only)
At Salam Holistic Psychology we take into account the whole person - mind, body, soul, social context and the interconnectedness of these aspects. In addition to addressing cognitive and emotional aspects, we also acknowledge and respect the spiritual dimension of an individuals life, which can encompass values, beliefs, purpose, and meaning. Our approach to therapy is anti-racist and decolonial, ethical, respectful and trauma informed. As the principal psychologist at Salam, I have extensive therapeutic experience accross a variety of settings and concerns including family violence, suicide prevention, trauma and identity concens.
At Salam Holistic Psychology we take into account the whole person - mind, body, soul, social context and the interconnectedness of these aspects. In addition to addressing cognitive and emotional aspects, we also acknowledge and respect the spiritual dimension of an individuals life, which can encompass values, beliefs, purpose, and meaning. Our approach to therapy is anti-racist and decolonial, ethical, respectful and trauma informed. As the principal psychologist at Salam, I have extensive therapeutic experience accross a variety of settings and concerns including family violence, suicide prevention, trauma and identity concens.
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Photo of Uyen (Winnie) Ai Pham, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Uyen (Winnie) Ai Pham
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
Winnie sees clients with a broad range of presenting issues including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, family violence, sexual assaults, pain management, grief, trauma, PTSD, and is experienced working with refugees. She is able to provide counselling services in English as well as Vietnamese and works with children, youth, and adults. She has more than 12 years experience and practice, and began her psychology career as a counsellor with the Victorian Aboriginal Health Services. Winnie has knowledge and skills working with a wide range of age groups including, children, youth, adults, and the elderly.
Winnie sees clients with a broad range of presenting issues including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, family violence, sexual assaults, pain management, grief, trauma, PTSD, and is experienced working with refugees. She is able to provide counselling services in English as well as Vietnamese and works with children, youth, and adults. She has more than 12 years experience and practice, and began her psychology career as a counsellor with the Victorian Aboriginal Health Services. Winnie has knowledge and skills working with a wide range of age groups including, children, youth, adults, and the elderly.
(03) 9560 8880 View (03) 9560 8880
Photo of Su Arzia, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Su Arzia
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
Are you struggling, wanting to overcome your challenges and starting your healing journey? Su is a kind and compassionate therapist with a calm and warm presence who put 100 % effort in supporting you. She is fluent in both English and Thai (ไทย). She has experience in many areas especially in working with women and children traumatised by family violence and people who experienced childhood trauma. She also has skills and experience with cross cultural relationships. Su utilises a combination of Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Psychodynamic and Schema-informed therapy.
Are you struggling, wanting to overcome your challenges and starting your healing journey? Su is a kind and compassionate therapist with a calm and warm presence who put 100 % effort in supporting you. She is fluent in both English and Thai (ไทย). She has experience in many areas especially in working with women and children traumatised by family violence and people who experienced childhood trauma. She also has skills and experience with cross cultural relationships. Su utilises a combination of Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Psychodynamic and Schema-informed therapy.
(08) 9126 9129 View (08) 9126 9129
Photo of Irene Evangelou, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Irene Evangelou
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168  (Online Only)
Are you feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed or struggling with people-pleasing, perfectionism, and lacking boundaries? Do you tend to overthink and plan out everything in your life, and to self-isolate and avoid certain situations?​ Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Now more than ever, people are anxious, self-sabotaging and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your anxiety and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. I believe it shouldnʼt be so hard to live a calm, confident life.
Are you feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed or struggling with people-pleasing, perfectionism, and lacking boundaries? Do you tend to overthink and plan out everything in your life, and to self-isolate and avoid certain situations?​ Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Now more than ever, people are anxious, self-sabotaging and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your anxiety and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. I believe it shouldnʼt be so hard to live a calm, confident life.
(03) 8797 5008 View (03) 8797 5008
Photo of Kah Yan (Jasmine) Loo - Jasmine Loo Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Jasmine Loo Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
Waitlist for new clients
I work with clients across the lifespan (age 4 and above) to address a variety of life challenges, such as managing stress, anxiety and depression, as well as struggles with life transitions. Finding hope and recognising your resources can feel challenging when going through a rough patch. Through therapy sessions, I’ll support you in brainstorming for solutions to overcome your difficulties and celebrate your unique strengths. I also have a special interest in neurodiversity and the female presentation of ASD. Neurodiversity can often bring invisible challenges. Finding the right support from an understanding person is essential.
I work with clients across the lifespan (age 4 and above) to address a variety of life challenges, such as managing stress, anxiety and depression, as well as struggles with life transitions. Finding hope and recognising your resources can feel challenging when going through a rough patch. Through therapy sessions, I’ll support you in brainstorming for solutions to overcome your difficulties and celebrate your unique strengths. I also have a special interest in neurodiversity and the female presentation of ASD. Neurodiversity can often bring invisible challenges. Finding the right support from an understanding person is essential.
(03) 9068 5754 View (03) 9068 5754
Photo of Rosanna Giorno, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Rosanna Giorno
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
I am a compassionate, empathic and intuitive counsellor who is experienced in supporting adolescents, adults and couples. I am registered with the Australian Counselling Association and support clients to overcome a wide range of issues and significant life challenges. My particular interest is in promoting self-awareness and strong interpersonal relationships to help clients achieve their full potential so that they can thrive in all facets of their lives. True self-awareness can lead to positive self-development that aligns with your values and life purpose. Let me help you to achieve your potential.
I am a compassionate, empathic and intuitive counsellor who is experienced in supporting adolescents, adults and couples. I am registered with the Australian Counselling Association and support clients to overcome a wide range of issues and significant life challenges. My particular interest is in promoting self-awareness and strong interpersonal relationships to help clients achieve their full potential so that they can thrive in all facets of their lives. True self-awareness can lead to positive self-development that aligns with your values and life purpose. Let me help you to achieve your potential.
(03) 7500 5767 View (03) 7500 5767
Photo of Audra Glavas, MA, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Audra Glavas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168  (Online Only)
I am a mental health social worker, supporting clients in all ages and stages of their life. My primary goal is to assist my clients to find their footing again and get back on track, to find their purpose and live a fulfilling life.
I am a mental health social worker, supporting clients in all ages and stages of their life. My primary goal is to assist my clients to find their footing again and get back on track, to find their purpose and live a fulfilling life.
(03) 9118 9039 View (03) 9118 9039
Photo of Maxi Xie, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Maxi Xie
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, VIC 3168
Hola, I am Maxi. I am a counsellor who specialises in relationship counselling and sex therapy. I support people in understanding themselves better, develop curiosity and self-compassion, I help my clients with evidence-based psychological therapies. I understand we are different and unique, so I would be tailoring my session to best suit you. I am experienced in a range of therapeutic approaches, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Schema Therapy, Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), Sex Therapy and Psychosexual Therapy.
Hola, I am Maxi. I am a counsellor who specialises in relationship counselling and sex therapy. I support people in understanding themselves better, develop curiosity and self-compassion, I help my clients with evidence-based psychological therapies. I understand we are different and unique, so I would be tailoring my session to best suit you. I am experienced in a range of therapeutic approaches, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Schema Therapy, Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), Sex Therapy and Psychosexual Therapy.
(03) 7500 5202 View (03) 7500 5202
Photo of Cristian John Acciarito, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Cristian John Acciarito
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168  (Online Only)
I have experience working with a variety of presentations, and has worked with adults and adolescents on issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, resilience, assertiveness, coping, sleep issues, drug and alcohol issues, and addictive behaviours. Please feel free to reach out for a brief conversation to see if I'm the right fit for you.
I have experience working with a variety of presentations, and has worked with adults and adolescents on issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, resilience, assertiveness, coping, sleep issues, drug and alcohol issues, and addictive behaviours. Please feel free to reach out for a brief conversation to see if I'm the right fit for you.
(02) 4504 0240 View (02) 4504 0240
Photo of Yukti Prakash Mehta, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Yukti Prakash Mehta
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
I am passionate about providing holistic care that combines evidence-based treatments and respecting the lived experiences of clients presenting with eating disorders, poor body image, personality disorder, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, low self-worth, as well as school and work-related stress.
I am passionate about providing holistic care that combines evidence-based treatments and respecting the lived experiences of clients presenting with eating disorders, poor body image, personality disorder, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, low self-worth, as well as school and work-related stress.
(03) 7003 2138 View (03) 7003 2138
Photo of David Berlinski, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
David Berlinski
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, VIC 3168
Hi, I'm David, I am a Clinical Psychologist who will work with you in a compassionate and honest way to help you reach your goals. There is no doubt that therapy can be challenging and confronting, however on the otherside of this adventure lies a life of greater confidence, improved and more meaningful relationships as well as a deeper understanding of yourself. I believe that while pain is an inevitable part of life, suffering does not need to be. Positive change is possible.
Hi, I'm David, I am a Clinical Psychologist who will work with you in a compassionate and honest way to help you reach your goals. There is no doubt that therapy can be challenging and confronting, however on the otherside of this adventure lies a life of greater confidence, improved and more meaningful relationships as well as a deeper understanding of yourself. I believe that while pain is an inevitable part of life, suffering does not need to be. Positive change is possible.
(03) 7500 5830 View (03) 7500 5830
Photo of Nicholas Findley, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Nicholas Findley
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
Embarking on a journey of self-discovery and emotional well-being is a courageous step, and I'm here to guide you through it with warmth and understanding. With a rich background of 10 years as an educator, I've honed my skills in teaching, educating, and supporting the well-being of young minds facing neurodiversity challenges. My decision to transition into the world of counselling stems from a profound desire to make a more direct impact on the lives of individuals navigating the complexities of their emotions.
Embarking on a journey of self-discovery and emotional well-being is a courageous step, and I'm here to guide you through it with warmth and understanding. With a rich background of 10 years as an educator, I've honed my skills in teaching, educating, and supporting the well-being of young minds facing neurodiversity challenges. My decision to transition into the world of counselling stems from a profound desire to make a more direct impact on the lives of individuals navigating the complexities of their emotions.
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Photo of David Williamson - Karinya Counselling Centre, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Karinya Counselling Centre
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
Karinya offers high quality professional counselling services to anyone regardless of race, gender, lifestyle, religion, or status.
Karinya offers high quality professional counselling services to anyone regardless of race, gender, lifestyle, religion, or status.
(03) 7500 5902 View (03) 7500 5902
Photo of Laura Prior, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Prior
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
I work with people who are feeling overwhelmed and stressed; are being held back by anxiety or depression; are concerned about their drug and/or alcohol use; or are trying to support someone with substance use issues. I understand that these issues can be complex and multifaceted. I work with people to manage their issues while learning new coping skills, building their self-esteem and capacity using their strengths in order to achieve their goals.
I work with people who are feeling overwhelmed and stressed; are being held back by anxiety or depression; are concerned about their drug and/or alcohol use; or are trying to support someone with substance use issues. I understand that these issues can be complex and multifaceted. I work with people to manage their issues while learning new coping skills, building their self-esteem and capacity using their strengths in order to achieve their goals.
(03) 8613 3470 View (03) 8613 3470
Photo of Julianne Read - Keystone Psychology, PsychD, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Keystone Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
At Keystone Psychology we believe that every child deserves to live a healthy and happy life. We are forensic psychologists and our expertise is in the assessment and treatment of children and young people who engage in a range of sensitive and complex behaviours including high risk behaviours that may, if left unaddressed, have negative impacts on their future. This includes behaviours that are disrespectful, inappropriate, problematic and or harmful; as well as physical/sexual violence. Our clients may have also experienced abuse and are seeking a personalised approach for therapy. We help our clients get back on track.
At Keystone Psychology we believe that every child deserves to live a healthy and happy life. We are forensic psychologists and our expertise is in the assessment and treatment of children and young people who engage in a range of sensitive and complex behaviours including high risk behaviours that may, if left unaddressed, have negative impacts on their future. This includes behaviours that are disrespectful, inappropriate, problematic and or harmful; as well as physical/sexual violence. Our clients may have also experienced abuse and are seeking a personalised approach for therapy. We help our clients get back on track.
(03) 8658 3864 View (03) 8658 3864
Photo of Vivek Mohan - Let's Talk Mate, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Let's Talk Mate
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Clayton, VIC 3168
With years of experience in private practice, corrections, and community settings, I am a skilled Forensic Counsellor, Assessor, and Psychotherapist who has worked extensively with adolescents, adults, and families. As a member of the Australian Counselling Association (ACA), my focus is on helping people who are feeling overwhelmed and stressed, struggling with anxiety or depression, dealing with drug and alcohol use, or trying to support someone with substance use issues. I recognize that these challenges can be complex and multifaceted, and I customize therapy to meet your unique needs, drawing on a range of approaches.
With years of experience in private practice, corrections, and community settings, I am a skilled Forensic Counsellor, Assessor, and Psychotherapist who has worked extensively with adolescents, adults, and families. As a member of the Australian Counselling Association (ACA), my focus is on helping people who are feeling overwhelmed and stressed, struggling with anxiety or depression, dealing with drug and alcohol use, or trying to support someone with substance use issues. I recognize that these challenges can be complex and multifaceted, and I customize therapy to meet your unique needs, drawing on a range of approaches.
(03) 7500 5670 View (03) 7500 5670
1

See more therapy options for 3168

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 3168

40+

Average cost per session

$185

Counsellors in 3168 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
82% Depression
82% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
80% Stress
62% Peer Relationships
60% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Medicare Rebates
58% NDIS
42% Bupa

How Counsellors in 3168 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3168?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.