Counselling in 3125

Photo of Shi Hui Lee - Altair Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Altair Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Burwood, VIC 3125
At Altair Psychology we respect and embrace diversity. Our team provide a safe and supportive space to accompany clients on their journey of discovery as they are guided to gain insight through curiosity and learn tools for growth and empowerment. Our experienced team has had the opportunity to work with many individuals to overcome life’s ups and downs, learn about themselves and flourish. Whether it is depression, anxiety, trauma, neurodevelopmental differences, learning challenges, or giftedness, our team will not hesitate to embark on the journey with you to build greater self-awareness, acceptance or obtain a formalised answer
At Altair Psychology we respect and embrace diversity. Our team provide a safe and supportive space to accompany clients on their journey of discovery as they are guided to gain insight through curiosity and learn tools for growth and empowerment. Our experienced team has had the opportunity to work with many individuals to overcome life’s ups and downs, learn about themselves and flourish. Whether it is depression, anxiety, trauma, neurodevelopmental differences, learning challenges, or giftedness, our team will not hesitate to embark on the journey with you to build greater self-awareness, acceptance or obtain a formalised answer
(03) 7500 5105 View (03) 7500 5105
Photo of Nidhi Khanna, Counsellor, PACFA
Nidhi Khanna
Counsellor, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Burwood, VIC 3125
Hi! I am a certified practising English and Hindi-speaking Counsellor with experience in working with various presentations, including but not limited to stress, anxiety, depression, perinatal depression, trauma and grief. I speak English and Hindi and also understand Urdu, Punjabi, Marathi and Gujarati. I have extensive experience in supporting family violence victims/ survivors, immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and carers. I also facilitate Groups for people with a shared lived experience. My services are available in Burwood, Victoria and Online.
Hi! I am a certified practising English and Hindi-speaking Counsellor with experience in working with various presentations, including but not limited to stress, anxiety, depression, perinatal depression, trauma and grief. I speak English and Hindi and also understand Urdu, Punjabi, Marathi and Gujarati. I have extensive experience in supporting family violence victims/ survivors, immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and carers. I also facilitate Groups for people with a shared lived experience. My services are available in Burwood, Victoria and Online.
(03) 8771 5140 View (03) 8771 5140
Photo of Jen Stargatt, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Jen Stargatt
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
While diagnostic labels can convey something about your particular challenges, they fail to capture the complexities of your experience—no two people are alike. I will work alongside you to discover what it is that you need to live a fulfilling life, whatever shape that may take. This might involve reducing the impact of symptoms, developing insight into the origins of your thoughts, feelings and behaviour, making sense of past experiences, clarifying what is important to you, and taking action that will lead you in the right direction.
While diagnostic labels can convey something about your particular challenges, they fail to capture the complexities of your experience—no two people are alike. I will work alongside you to discover what it is that you need to live a fulfilling life, whatever shape that may take. This might involve reducing the impact of symptoms, developing insight into the origins of your thoughts, feelings and behaviour, making sense of past experiences, clarifying what is important to you, and taking action that will lead you in the right direction.
(03) 7065 6448 View (03) 7065 6448
Photo of Karla Lomagno, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Karla Lomagno
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have over a decade of experience in both public and private mental health sectors. I have a compassionate and collaborative approach, and I work closely with clients to help them pinpoint their life-worth living goals, identify barriers to change, and support skills development to enhance behavioural effectiveness and improve overall sense of wellbeing. I have worked with individuals grappling with a diverse range of mental health conditions, and have developed a keen interest in supporting those dealing with disordered eating and emotional dysregulation challenges.
I have over a decade of experience in both public and private mental health sectors. I have a compassionate and collaborative approach, and I work closely with clients to help them pinpoint their life-worth living goals, identify barriers to change, and support skills development to enhance behavioural effectiveness and improve overall sense of wellbeing. I have worked with individuals grappling with a diverse range of mental health conditions, and have developed a keen interest in supporting those dealing with disordered eating and emotional dysregulation challenges.
(03) 9131 8787 View (03) 9131 8787
Photo of Linnea Reddie - Vine Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Vine Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I provide a supportive and empathetic environment where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and life challenges. My approach combines evidence-based therapeutic techniques with respect for the unique experiences and perspectives of each individual. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and my goal is to empower clients to develop a better understanding of themselves and make meaningful changes in their lives.
I provide a supportive and empathetic environment where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and life challenges. My approach combines evidence-based therapeutic techniques with respect for the unique experiences and perspectives of each individual. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and my goal is to empower clients to develop a better understanding of themselves and make meaningful changes in their lives.
(03) 7500 5927 View (03) 7500 5927
Photo of Dominic Doyle, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dominic Doyle
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Dr Dominic Doyle is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist. Dominic has worked across a variety of mental health settings over many years. This has allowed Dominic to develop his expertise in providing talk therapy to adolescents (16+) and adults experiencing emotional difficulties.
Dr Dominic Doyle is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist. Dominic has worked across a variety of mental health settings over many years. This has allowed Dominic to develop his expertise in providing talk therapy to adolescents (16+) and adults experiencing emotional difficulties.
(03) 7500 5569 View (03) 7500 5569
Photo of Yuying Zhao, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Yuying Zhao
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
微信:auxinli 澳洲注册心理咨询师、婚姻伴侣咨询师, 以及催眠治疗师。服务青少年及成人的焦虑、抑郁、厌学、强迫,创伤和情感关系等问题,接受线上和线下咨询。 I am a Chinese-speaking psychotherapist; most private insurances are accepted. I work with teenagers, adults, couples, and families to overcome issues related to psychological concerns, emotional disorders, personal development, relationship conflicts, and parenting skills.
微信:auxinli 澳洲注册心理咨询师、婚姻伴侣咨询师, 以及催眠治疗师。服务青少年及成人的焦虑、抑郁、厌学、强迫,创伤和情感关系等问题,接受线上和线下咨询。 I am a Chinese-speaking psychotherapist; most private insurances are accepted. I work with teenagers, adults, couples, and families to overcome issues related to psychological concerns, emotional disorders, personal development, relationship conflicts, and parenting skills.
(03) 8771 4121 View (03) 8771 4121
Photo of Dawn Vincent, Counsellor, AMHSW
Dawn Vincent
Counsellor, AMHSW
Serves Area
Are you experiencing low mood, finding it hard to stop worrying and feeling dissatisfied with the quality of your relationships or unhappy with your personal or working life? With the busyness of our lives and the pressures and demands we all face daily, our emotional wellbeing is an area which can be neglected. However, there comes a time when we know that it is time to stop and take some action to turn our life around. Counselling with me can help you with the skills and strategies you need to make changes and choices which will allow you to find the satisfaction you seek in the key areas of your life.
Are you experiencing low mood, finding it hard to stop worrying and feeling dissatisfied with the quality of your relationships or unhappy with your personal or working life? With the busyness of our lives and the pressures and demands we all face daily, our emotional wellbeing is an area which can be neglected. However, there comes a time when we know that it is time to stop and take some action to turn our life around. Counselling with me can help you with the skills and strategies you need to make changes and choices which will allow you to find the satisfaction you seek in the key areas of your life.
(03) 9068 5948 View (03) 9068 5948
Photo of Kat Aycardo, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Kat Aycardo
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Kat has been passionate about supporting adults and children with neurodiversity since 2007. She has specialized in assessment and intervention for individuals with ASD, ADHD, Specific Learning Disability, Intellectual Disability, giftedness, and developmental differences. She is a warm and collaborative clinician with an evidence based and neurodiverse affirming approach to supporting children, adolescents, and adults to reach their individual goals.
Kat has been passionate about supporting adults and children with neurodiversity since 2007. She has specialized in assessment and intervention for individuals with ASD, ADHD, Specific Learning Disability, Intellectual Disability, giftedness, and developmental differences. She is a warm and collaborative clinician with an evidence based and neurodiverse affirming approach to supporting children, adolescents, and adults to reach their individual goals.
(03) 8203 5767 View (03) 8203 5767
Photo of Adiemus Seah, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Adiemus Seah
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I am Adiemus Seah, and I am a registered counsellor, Gallup certified strengths coach, accredited mental health first aid instructor, and clinical supervisor for the Masters of Counselling program at Monash University. Besides, I am also a Gottman-trained relationship therapist and PREPARE/ENRICH facilitator. I have 20 years of experience helping individuals and organisations elevate performance, achieve goals, and enhance wellbeing. I have worked in a range of universities, hospitals, non-profit organisations and private practice as a mental health practitioner, lead trainer and head of university counselling department.
Hi, I am Adiemus Seah, and I am a registered counsellor, Gallup certified strengths coach, accredited mental health first aid instructor, and clinical supervisor for the Masters of Counselling program at Monash University. Besides, I am also a Gottman-trained relationship therapist and PREPARE/ENRICH facilitator. I have 20 years of experience helping individuals and organisations elevate performance, achieve goals, and enhance wellbeing. I have worked in a range of universities, hospitals, non-profit organisations and private practice as a mental health practitioner, lead trainer and head of university counselling department.
(03) 7500 5824 View (03) 7500 5824
Photo of Dr Anastasiya Suetin, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Anastasiya Suetin
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
As a Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of experience working in a variety of settings, I am passionate about supporting neurodiversity across the lifespan, with a particular interest in providing high-quality clinical assessments that bring clarity and understanding. Whether working with children, adolescents or adults, I aim to create a safe, respectful space where differences are recognised and celebrated rather than pathologised. I believe that a thoughtful assessment can be a powerful turning point, helping individuals and families better understand strengths, challenges and the pathways forward.
As a Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of experience working in a variety of settings, I am passionate about supporting neurodiversity across the lifespan, with a particular interest in providing high-quality clinical assessments that bring clarity and understanding. Whether working with children, adolescents or adults, I aim to create a safe, respectful space where differences are recognised and celebrated rather than pathologised. I believe that a thoughtful assessment can be a powerful turning point, helping individuals and families better understand strengths, challenges and the pathways forward.
(03) 8203 5419 View (03) 8203 5419
Photo of Renee Melges, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Renee Melges
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Renee Melges is a Registered Clinical Psychologist with a Masters in Clinical Psychology. She has over 25 years experience working as a Psychologist and combines eastern and western philosophies to assist the client to maximise their potential and facilitate personal growth. Renee Melges provides Online and In person Holistic Counselling for adults, adolescents and primary school children across Australia. Renee Melges specialises in mood and anxiety disorders.
Renee Melges is a Registered Clinical Psychologist with a Masters in Clinical Psychology. She has over 25 years experience working as a Psychologist and combines eastern and western philosophies to assist the client to maximise their potential and facilitate personal growth. Renee Melges provides Online and In person Holistic Counselling for adults, adolescents and primary school children across Australia. Renee Melges specialises in mood and anxiety disorders.
(03) 8203 5831 View (03) 8203 5831
Photo of Rachael Rogers, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Rachael Rogers
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Serves Area
For anyone feeling held back by anxiety, stress or repeating patterns. Despite external success, feeling like they’re not "enough", or overthinking, procrastination, or emotional overwhelm. I help people looking for lasting change instead of surface-level fixes. Who want to start living with more joy and confidence. To experience positive change that ripples through every area of their life in a way that is practical, effortless and enjoyable.
For anyone feeling held back by anxiety, stress or repeating patterns. Despite external success, feeling like they’re not "enough", or overthinking, procrastination, or emotional overwhelm. I help people looking for lasting change instead of surface-level fixes. Who want to start living with more joy and confidence. To experience positive change that ripples through every area of their life in a way that is practical, effortless and enjoyable.
0402 377 114 View 0402 377 114
Photo of Jacqui Tzefronis, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Jacqui Tzefronis
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I’m Jacqui, a registered psychologist with experience in providing counselling and psychological support for a wide range of wellbeing concerns. I’m passionate about helping people navigate some of life’s biggest challenges, find new perspectives, gain clarity and build a foundation for lasting mental health and wellbeing. I support people with a variety of challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, workplace and career issues and major life transitions. I also have extensive experience working with emergency services personnel, providing tailored support for workplace and critical incident stress and trauma.
I’m Jacqui, a registered psychologist with experience in providing counselling and psychological support for a wide range of wellbeing concerns. I’m passionate about helping people navigate some of life’s biggest challenges, find new perspectives, gain clarity and build a foundation for lasting mental health and wellbeing. I support people with a variety of challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, workplace and career issues and major life transitions. I also have extensive experience working with emergency services personnel, providing tailored support for workplace and critical incident stress and trauma.
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Photo of Caroline Rosenberg, Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Caroline Rosenberg
Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Serves Area
You may be experiencing some challenges in your professional and personal life. They may be dealing with work stress, conflict with colleagues, leadership issues or preparing for the next promotion. You may be struggling with personal relationships, purpose in life, or navigating multiple cultural and ethnic backgrounds to establish a solid identity. You want to feel confident and empowered in your professional life, whether that means excelling in your current role or preparing for advancement. You also want to feel fulfilled in your personal life, with strong, supportive relationships and a clear sense of identity and belonging.
You may be experiencing some challenges in your professional and personal life. They may be dealing with work stress, conflict with colleagues, leadership issues or preparing for the next promotion. You may be struggling with personal relationships, purpose in life, or navigating multiple cultural and ethnic backgrounds to establish a solid identity. You want to feel confident and empowered in your professional life, whether that means excelling in your current role or preparing for advancement. You also want to feel fulfilled in your personal life, with strong, supportive relationships and a clear sense of identity and belonging.
(03) 7500 5622 View (03) 7500 5622
Photo of Vanessa Beresford-Wylie - Vanessa Wylie: Relationship-Focused Therapy, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Vanessa Wylie: Relationship-Focused Therapy
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Serves Area
Do you feel hurt, unheard, or disconnected in your relationship? Are you tired of fighting about the same thing over-and-over without any change. Conflict, betrayal, or life changes may have left you feeling stuck and unsure where to turn, but deep down you know you deserve to feel close and cared for. Let me help you move back towards loving connection. I’m a mature, relationship-focused therapist who works with individuals and couples to strengthen trust, improve communication, and restore closeness.
Do you feel hurt, unheard, or disconnected in your relationship? Are you tired of fighting about the same thing over-and-over without any change. Conflict, betrayal, or life changes may have left you feeling stuck and unsure where to turn, but deep down you know you deserve to feel close and cared for. Let me help you move back towards loving connection. I’m a mature, relationship-focused therapist who works with individuals and couples to strengthen trust, improve communication, and restore closeness.
(03) 9605 3530 View (03) 9605 3530
Photo of Lisa Jacques, Social Worker, AMHSW
Lisa Jacques
Social Worker, AMHSW
Serves Area
Hi there, I'm Lisa from Mindful Psychotherapy. I am a Clinical Social Worker and Psychotherapist with over 27 years experience providing therapy to adults, young people, couples and families. I'm passionate about assisting people to work through life's challenges, improve their mental health and wellbeing, grow their self-compassion, live life by their most cherished values and build better relationships. I know it takes courage to come to therapy and I believe it is a privilege to walk alongside you for part of your journey. I am deeply committed to working respectfully and collaboratively with you on what is important to you.
Hi there, I'm Lisa from Mindful Psychotherapy. I am a Clinical Social Worker and Psychotherapist with over 27 years experience providing therapy to adults, young people, couples and families. I'm passionate about assisting people to work through life's challenges, improve their mental health and wellbeing, grow their self-compassion, live life by their most cherished values and build better relationships. I know it takes courage to come to therapy and I believe it is a privilege to walk alongside you for part of your journey. I am deeply committed to working respectfully and collaboratively with you on what is important to you.
(03) 7003 2649 View (03) 7003 2649
Photo of David Williamson - Karinya Counselling Centre, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Karinya Counselling Centre
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Karinya offers high quality professional counselling services to anyone regardless of race, gender, lifestyle, religion, or status.
Karinya offers high quality professional counselling services to anyone regardless of race, gender, lifestyle, religion, or status.
(03) 7500 5902 View (03) 7500 5902
Photo of Samantha Paranavitana, MA
Samantha Paranavitana
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hi! I am Samantha, I am passionate about creating the space for people to discover their self belief,resillience, inner strength and improve their relationships. If you have been dealing with overwhelm,anxiety and depression for awhile you may have experienced a growing fear that change isnt possible for you. I understand. I am a Clinical Counsellor, Core Process psychotherapist,Craniosacral Therapist. NeuroAffective Touch graduate,I have a strong background in yoga and minfulness meditation. I use all of these skills and lived experience to guide you to rediscover the best version of you. Take the first step and reach out today!
Hi! I am Samantha, I am passionate about creating the space for people to discover their self belief,resillience, inner strength and improve their relationships. If you have been dealing with overwhelm,anxiety and depression for awhile you may have experienced a growing fear that change isnt possible for you. I understand. I am a Clinical Counsellor, Core Process psychotherapist,Craniosacral Therapist. NeuroAffective Touch graduate,I have a strong background in yoga and minfulness meditation. I use all of these skills and lived experience to guide you to rediscover the best version of you. Take the first step and reach out today!
(03) 7500 5865 View (03) 7500 5865
Photo of Ray Khunell - Psychology Partners Centre, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Psychology Partners Centre
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hey there, I'm Ray from Psychology Partners Centre. I am passionate about making a meaningful and empowering change for others. I offer a collaborative, client-centred approach to deeply understand your challenges and experiences, support you in setting your goals, and help you work towards the life you wish to live. I aim to be a caring, approachable, and empathetic psychologist and I create a safe, non-judgemental space so you are able to share your story openly. I work with a range of evidence-based approaches and will individually tailor our approach to suit your context, preferences and needs.
Hey there, I'm Ray from Psychology Partners Centre. I am passionate about making a meaningful and empowering change for others. I offer a collaborative, client-centred approach to deeply understand your challenges and experiences, support you in setting your goals, and help you work towards the life you wish to live. I aim to be a caring, approachable, and empathetic psychologist and I create a safe, non-judgemental space so you are able to share your story openly. I work with a range of evidence-based approaches and will individually tailor our approach to suit your context, preferences and needs.
(03) 7500 5549 View (03) 7500 5549

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 3125

40+

Average cost per session

$195

Counsellors in 3125 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Stress
72% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
68% Life Transitions
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Medicare Rebates
52% NDIS
45% Bupa

How Counsellors in 3125 see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3125?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.