Photo of Martina Luongo, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Martina Luongo
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Martina has experience working in a number of settings, including private practice, community, forensic, and education sectors. She has worked primarily with adults with varied presentations, including mood and anxiety issues, relationship concerns, trauma issues, stress and burnout, personality difficulties, alcohol and other drug use, and adjustment issues
Martina has experience working in a number of settings, including private practice, community, forensic, and education sectors. She has worked primarily with adults with varied presentations, including mood and anxiety issues, relationship concerns, trauma issues, stress and burnout, personality difficulties, alcohol and other drug use, and adjustment issues
(03) 8203 5817 View (03) 8203 5817
Photo of Lisa Jacques, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Jacques
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Hi there, I'm Lisa from Mindful Psychotherapy. I am a Clinical Social Worker and Psychotherapist with over 27 years experience providing therapy to adults, young people, couples and families. I'm passionate about assisting people to work through life's challenges, improve their mental health and wellbeing, grow their self-compassion, live life by their most cherished values and build better relationships. I know it takes courage to come to therapy and I believe it is a privilege to walk alongside you for part of your journey. I am deeply committed to working respectfully and collaboratively with you on what is important to you.
Hi there, I'm Lisa from Mindful Psychotherapy. I am a Clinical Social Worker and Psychotherapist with over 27 years experience providing therapy to adults, young people, couples and families. I'm passionate about assisting people to work through life's challenges, improve their mental health and wellbeing, grow their self-compassion, live life by their most cherished values and build better relationships. I know it takes courage to come to therapy and I believe it is a privilege to walk alongside you for part of your journey. I am deeply committed to working respectfully and collaboratively with you on what is important to you.
(03) 7003 2649 View (03) 7003 2649
Photo of Sandra Pucci, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Sandra Pucci
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Sandra is an experienced bilingual clinical psychologist who sees different people from all walks of life, as circumstances bring many of us to therapy at different points or phases in life and for a variety of reasons. Sandra’s therapy setting provides a caring, not judgemental, supportive space where people can feel safe to express themselves and their inner feelings and where the person can have the experience to feel held in an accepting, respectful and empathetic way. This catharsis provides the individual with a freedom to unburden, relax and try to find a new stable foundation for a more fulfilling future and experiences.
Sandra is an experienced bilingual clinical psychologist who sees different people from all walks of life, as circumstances bring many of us to therapy at different points or phases in life and for a variety of reasons. Sandra’s therapy setting provides a caring, not judgemental, supportive space where people can feel safe to express themselves and their inner feelings and where the person can have the experience to feel held in an accepting, respectful and empathetic way. This catharsis provides the individual with a freedom to unburden, relax and try to find a new stable foundation for a more fulfilling future and experiences.
(03) 8797 5353 View (03) 8797 5353
Photo of Anna Rajendran, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Anna Rajendran
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Anna, a compassionate psychologist, dedicates herself to enhancing individuals' mental health and well-being. She provides counseling to a diverse clientele, spanning adolescents to older adults, aiming to enrich their lives with unique meaning and happiness. With over two decades of experience, Anna's holistic and integrative approach draws from evidence-based interventions tailored to each individual's needs and objectives. She employs an Attachment-based framework, integrating Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Existential Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness.
Anna, a compassionate psychologist, dedicates herself to enhancing individuals' mental health and well-being. She provides counseling to a diverse clientele, spanning adolescents to older adults, aiming to enrich their lives with unique meaning and happiness. With over two decades of experience, Anna's holistic and integrative approach draws from evidence-based interventions tailored to each individual's needs and objectives. She employs an Attachment-based framework, integrating Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Existential Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness.
(03) 7003 2067 View (03) 7003 2067
Photo of Dr Tom Hammond, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Tom Hammond
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Dr. Tom Hammond is a clinical psychologist focused on empowering adults and young people in their pursuit of health, happiness, and high performance. He partners with his clients to craft personalised strategies for managing depression, anxiety, and the challenges that come with life's transitions. Leveraging evidence-based approaches in CBT, ACT, and biofeedback, his therapeutic style is about developing adaptive tools and insights to navigate change and thrive in every aspect of life.
Dr. Tom Hammond is a clinical psychologist focused on empowering adults and young people in their pursuit of health, happiness, and high performance. He partners with his clients to craft personalised strategies for managing depression, anxiety, and the challenges that come with life's transitions. Leveraging evidence-based approaches in CBT, ACT, and biofeedback, his therapeutic style is about developing adaptive tools and insights to navigate change and thrive in every aspect of life.
(03) 7034 6269 View (03) 7034 6269
Photo of Nat Clarke, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Nat Clarke
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
I have had a deep interest in human psychology and behaviour my whole life. I have wanted to make sense of life and help others do the same. I am formally trained in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Schema Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, but am perhaps most passionate about ACT. I believe that changing not only our thoughts but also our relationship to our thoughts/minds is a key skiIl all people should learn to not only have more peace in themselves, but to create a better world.
I have had a deep interest in human psychology and behaviour my whole life. I have wanted to make sense of life and help others do the same. I am formally trained in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Schema Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, but am perhaps most passionate about ACT. I believe that changing not only our thoughts but also our relationship to our thoughts/minds is a key skiIl all people should learn to not only have more peace in themselves, but to create a better world.
(03) 7003 2493 View (03) 7003 2493
Photo of Julianne Livingston, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Julianne Livingston
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Welcome. I'm glad you've taken this step. As a Clinical Psychologist, I'm committed to supporting you through life's complexities with empathy, understanding, and expertise. My practice is dedicated to helping individuals navigate challenges and work towards meaningful change in their lives. I have a special interest in helping individuals address anxiety and stress, depression and emotional regulation difficulties, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), insomnia, procrastination, healing from trauma, and adjusting and thriving through life transitions.
Welcome. I'm glad you've taken this step. As a Clinical Psychologist, I'm committed to supporting you through life's complexities with empathy, understanding, and expertise. My practice is dedicated to helping individuals navigate challenges and work towards meaningful change in their lives. I have a special interest in helping individuals address anxiety and stress, depression and emotional regulation difficulties, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), insomnia, procrastination, healing from trauma, and adjusting and thriving through life transitions.
(03) 8203 5105 View (03) 8203 5105
Photo of Lisa-Marie Bartlett, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Lisa-Marie Bartlett
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Immediate Availability. I'm a Clinical Psychologist with experience across a range of settings and age ranges. However, I primarily work with children, teens and young adults - and their families. Common presentations I work with include anxiety and phobias, depression and other mood difficulties, neurodivergence (Autism, ADHD), OCD, repetitive behaviours (skin picking, hair pulling), gender dysphoria, suicidal thoughts and self-harm, school refusal, relationship challenges, and more general stress and adjustment issues.
Immediate Availability. I'm a Clinical Psychologist with experience across a range of settings and age ranges. However, I primarily work with children, teens and young adults - and their families. Common presentations I work with include anxiety and phobias, depression and other mood difficulties, neurodivergence (Autism, ADHD), OCD, repetitive behaviours (skin picking, hair pulling), gender dysphoria, suicidal thoughts and self-harm, school refusal, relationship challenges, and more general stress and adjustment issues.
(03) 7003 2820 View (03) 7003 2820
Photo of Sarah McEwen - Syzygy Wellbeing, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Syzygy Wellbeing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Camberwell, VIC 3124
I provide therapy for for adults, children (10+) and families, with a focus on trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. I provide a nurturing, insightful and respectful space to explore your concerns and forge a path forward. My clients seek greater self-awareness and self-knowledge, often working on overcoming past trauma and attachment issues. I am especially passionate about practicing EMDR, but also offer CBT, ACT and strengths-based tools in my approach.
I provide therapy for for adults, children (10+) and families, with a focus on trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. I provide a nurturing, insightful and respectful space to explore your concerns and forge a path forward. My clients seek greater self-awareness and self-knowledge, often working on overcoming past trauma and attachment issues. I am especially passionate about practicing EMDR, but also offer CBT, ACT and strengths-based tools in my approach.
(03) 7003 2765 View (03) 7003 2765
Photo of Caitlynn Ashton, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Caitlynn Ashton
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
As your psychologist, I prioritise creating a safe space for you to try new things, reflect, learn about yourself, explore, and above all, to feel heard and authentically supported. I believe humour, openness, and flexibility are important in therapy to help you feel comfortable and free to be yourself. No matter what obstacles you encounter, I am committed to walking alongside you, offering guidance and support throughout the process.
As your psychologist, I prioritise creating a safe space for you to try new things, reflect, learn about yourself, explore, and above all, to feel heard and authentically supported. I believe humour, openness, and flexibility are important in therapy to help you feel comfortable and free to be yourself. No matter what obstacles you encounter, I am committed to walking alongside you, offering guidance and support throughout the process.
(03) 7500 5606 View (03) 7500 5606
Photo of Lillian Underhill, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Lillian Underhill
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
I have experience and am passionate about working with children, young people, and parents- in particular, I am interested in working with neurodiverse children and families and prioritise to adopt a neuro-affirming approach to my practice. Further areas of interest include working with clients experiencing depression, low mood and self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and behavioural issues. I have experience with client’s who have experienced trauma (including family violence and other forms of interpersonal trauma)- as such, I ensure my practice is trauma informed and build a safe space for the clients.
I have experience and am passionate about working with children, young people, and parents- in particular, I am interested in working with neurodiverse children and families and prioritise to adopt a neuro-affirming approach to my practice. Further areas of interest include working with clients experiencing depression, low mood and self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and behavioural issues. I have experience with client’s who have experienced trauma (including family violence and other forms of interpersonal trauma)- as such, I ensure my practice is trauma informed and build a safe space for the clients.
(03) 7003 2212 View (03) 7003 2212
Photo of Ivana Bacovic, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Ivana Bacovic
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Ivana, holding general registration with AHPRA and a membership with APS, adheres to their ethical guidelines. She prioritises building strong therapeutic relationships with a client-centered, humanistic, and strengths-based approach. Her warm, respectful, and collaborative style fosters a safe environment for clients, utilising an integrative approach tailored to individual needs.
Ivana, holding general registration with AHPRA and a membership with APS, adheres to their ethical guidelines. She prioritises building strong therapeutic relationships with a client-centered, humanistic, and strengths-based approach. Her warm, respectful, and collaborative style fosters a safe environment for clients, utilising an integrative approach tailored to individual needs.
(03) 7003 2248 View (03) 7003 2248
Photo of Nerolie Ross, MA, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Nerolie Ross
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Supporting adolescents, young adults and adults when they're experiencing stress, anxiety, depression and other related issues, causes can be triggered by relationship issues, school and workplace bullying, lack of self-identity confidence, attachment challenges, as well as worries about future direction, self-doubt, lack of self-esteem, motivation and especially more recently lockdown impacts due to COVID. Additionally leveraging from 25 years in human resources, I also provide guidance for adolescents, young adults and adults in navigating their career pathways and how to negotiate working relationships in the most affective way.
Supporting adolescents, young adults and adults when they're experiencing stress, anxiety, depression and other related issues, causes can be triggered by relationship issues, school and workplace bullying, lack of self-identity confidence, attachment challenges, as well as worries about future direction, self-doubt, lack of self-esteem, motivation and especially more recently lockdown impacts due to COVID. Additionally leveraging from 25 years in human resources, I also provide guidance for adolescents, young adults and adults in navigating their career pathways and how to negotiate working relationships in the most affective way.
(03) 7003 2031 View (03) 7003 2031
Photo of Timothy Collier, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Timothy Collier
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
As your psychologist, I aim to create a space where you feel both supported and free to explore the deeper parts of yourself—those areas that are often difficult to articulate. Therapy is not about finding quick solutions, but about engaging in a process where thoughts and feelings can unfold in their own time. Together, we approach this journey with openness, trust, and curiosity. I believe the most meaningful change happens when we allow space for the unknown. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic psychotherapy, but it is the relationship we build that forms the heart of the work.
As your psychologist, I aim to create a space where you feel both supported and free to explore the deeper parts of yourself—those areas that are often difficult to articulate. Therapy is not about finding quick solutions, but about engaging in a process where thoughts and feelings can unfold in their own time. Together, we approach this journey with openness, trust, and curiosity. I believe the most meaningful change happens when we allow space for the unknown. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic psychotherapy, but it is the relationship we build that forms the heart of the work.
0477 956 834 View 0477 956 834
Photo of Tiffany Valente - Valente Psychology , MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Valente Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
A relatable therapist who 'gets it'. I'm a Level 1 trained IFS practitioner and a trained EMDR therapist who thinks creatively about mental health. I fuse Eastern modalities such as mindfulness, meditation and yoga with modern therapy methods such as EMDR and Internal Family Systems (IFS) - to help you find your wisdom and a way forward.
A relatable therapist who 'gets it'. I'm a Level 1 trained IFS practitioner and a trained EMDR therapist who thinks creatively about mental health. I fuse Eastern modalities such as mindfulness, meditation and yoga with modern therapy methods such as EMDR and Internal Family Systems (IFS) - to help you find your wisdom and a way forward.
(03) 7003 2560 View (03) 7003 2560
Photo of Claudia Moratto, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Claudia Moratto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Claudia offers a specialist counselling service for clients experiencing mental health concerns due to challenging life circumstances, including grief and loss, bereavement and other life changes. Services include counselling and support for individuals, carers and families living with a serious and life threating illness, grief and bereavement counselling including support for traumatic loss, counselling for people experiencing mood and adjustment disorders and major life transitions.
Claudia offers a specialist counselling service for clients experiencing mental health concerns due to challenging life circumstances, including grief and loss, bereavement and other life changes. Services include counselling and support for individuals, carers and families living with a serious and life threating illness, grief and bereavement counselling including support for traumatic loss, counselling for people experiencing mood and adjustment disorders and major life transitions.
(03) 7003 2230 View (03) 7003 2230
Photo of Jenny Grinstead, MAPS, Psychologist
Jenny Grinstead
Psychologist, MAPS
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Jenny at Psychology 4 Life has been working with clients for over 25 years to assist them improve their psychological health and well-being. The focus of sessions is to support clients achieve their goals and create a rich and meaningful life by tuning into their values, goals and aspirations.
Jenny at Psychology 4 Life has been working with clients for over 25 years to assist them improve their psychological health and well-being. The focus of sessions is to support clients achieve their goals and create a rich and meaningful life by tuning into their values, goals and aspirations.
(03) 7500 5084 View (03) 7500 5084
Photo of Lauré Coulter, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Lauré Coulter
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
Lauré is a registered general psychologist working predominantly with adolescents, adults, and couples. She earned her postgraduate qualifications in South Africa and has experience across a wide range of psychological settings. With a gentle, person-centered approach, Lauré assists individuals grappling with issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, and loss. She tailors therapy uniquely to her client's needs by drawing from various therapeutic modalities.
Lauré is a registered general psychologist working predominantly with adolescents, adults, and couples. She earned her postgraduate qualifications in South Africa and has experience across a wide range of psychological settings. With a gentle, person-centered approach, Lauré assists individuals grappling with issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, and loss. She tailors therapy uniquely to her client's needs by drawing from various therapeutic modalities.
(03) 7003 2348 View (03) 7003 2348
Photo of Cecile Proy, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Cecile Proy
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
With over 30 years of counseling and psychotherapy expertise, Cecile integrates psychodynamic, analytic, and object relations principles alongside Internal Family Systems Theory (IFS), Emotion Focused Therapy, Self-Psychology, Interpersonal Therapy, Existential Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Her focus lies in both short and long-term individual and couples counseling, fostering a therapeutic environment where individuals can uniquely express themselves to gain clarity and resolution.
With over 30 years of counseling and psychotherapy expertise, Cecile integrates psychodynamic, analytic, and object relations principles alongside Internal Family Systems Theory (IFS), Emotion Focused Therapy, Self-Psychology, Interpersonal Therapy, Existential Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Her focus lies in both short and long-term individual and couples counseling, fostering a therapeutic environment where individuals can uniquely express themselves to gain clarity and resolution.
(03) 7003 2068 View (03) 7003 2068
Photo of Tanja Ben-Meir, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Tanja Ben-Meir
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Camberwell, VIC 3124
I enjoy working with adults of all walks of life, and have gathered experience from young adults in high school settings, across the lifespan, even to the end-of-life stage. I work in a trauma-informed, client centered way integrating approaches from cognitive behavioural therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, while also utilising experiential and mindful methods.
I enjoy working with adults of all walks of life, and have gathered experience from young adults in high school settings, across the lifespan, even to the end-of-life stage. I work in a trauma-informed, client centered way integrating approaches from cognitive behavioural therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, while also utilising experiential and mindful methods.
(03) 9118 9020 View (03) 9118 9020
1

See more therapy options for 3124

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 3124

100+

Average cost per session

$210

Counsellors in 3124 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Stress
77% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Medicare Rebates
44% Bupa
44% NDIS

How Counsellors in 3124 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3124?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.