Photo of Liam Hiney - Liam Hiney - The Connection Concept, Counsellor
Liam Hiney - The Connection Concept
Counsellor
Verified Verified
I am an integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor who aims to help my clients through the integration of evidence-based therapies. With experience in relational issues, childhood sexual abuse, life transitions, anxiety, trauma, and many other areas, I aim to work collaboratively with my clients to not just listen or offer advice but to work together towards sustainable change with empathy and compassions of my clients experiences within the world.
I am an integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor who aims to help my clients through the integration of evidence-based therapies. With experience in relational issues, childhood sexual abuse, life transitions, anxiety, trauma, and many other areas, I aim to work collaboratively with my clients to not just listen or offer advice but to work together towards sustainable change with empathy and compassions of my clients experiences within the world.
(03) 8658 2174 View (03) 8658 2174
Photo of Dr Kim-Michelle Gilson, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Kim-Michelle Gilson
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newport, VIC 3015
I am a Senior Clinical Psychologist with over 12 years experience working with children and adolescents with medical complexity. I have worked at the Royal Children's Hospital in various medical teams and currently hold a Senior Clinical Educator position at RCH. I have experience working with adjustment to illness and medical regimens, medical trauma, neurodevelopment disorders, behavioural difficulties and anxiety and mood disturbances.
I am a Senior Clinical Psychologist with over 12 years experience working with children and adolescents with medical complexity. I have worked at the Royal Children's Hospital in various medical teams and currently hold a Senior Clinical Educator position at RCH. I have experience working with adjustment to illness and medical regimens, medical trauma, neurodevelopment disorders, behavioural difficulties and anxiety and mood disturbances.
0468 326 391 View 0468 326 391
Photo of Nikki Black, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Nikki Black
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newport, VIC 3015
Life can be tough, but you don’t have to face it alone. I’m here to support you. I’m a compassionate counsellor with over 20 years of experience in healthcare. I understand how overwhelming life’s challenges can be—whether you’re struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, addiction, or any other personal issues. Taking that first step toward change is often the hardest, but with new strategies and support change is possible.
Life can be tough, but you don’t have to face it alone. I’m here to support you. I’m a compassionate counsellor with over 20 years of experience in healthcare. I understand how overwhelming life’s challenges can be—whether you’re struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, addiction, or any other personal issues. Taking that first step toward change is often the hardest, but with new strategies and support change is possible.
0461 467 981 View 0461 467 981
Photo of Nathan Gilbert, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Nathan Gilbert
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
I am passionate about supporting children and adolescents in developing effective ways of managing their emotions and thoughts, and in turn, their behaviours. Along with learning therapeutic self-regulation skills, clients learn more about their internal processes and why they can have the feelings and thoughts they do. This helps reinforce the theory and motivations behind self-regulation skills, and how they can help each client with their own unique difficulties and strengths!
I am passionate about supporting children and adolescents in developing effective ways of managing their emotions and thoughts, and in turn, their behaviours. Along with learning therapeutic self-regulation skills, clients learn more about their internal processes and why they can have the feelings and thoughts they do. This helps reinforce the theory and motivations behind self-regulation skills, and how they can help each client with their own unique difficulties and strengths!
(03) 8657 0192 View (03) 8657 0192
Photo of Vanessa Karagiannis, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Vanessa Karagiannis
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
With a passion for guiding her clients towards personal growth and achieving their untapped potential, Vanessa is dedicated to enhancing their overall well-being, quality of life, & relationships. Drawing upon her expertise in psychology, she positively impacts her clients & empower them to lead fulfilling & meaningful lives. Having worked with individuals of various ages, including children & adolescents, & a diverse range of challenges, Vanessa has the clinical training to assist individuals, couples, & families on overcoming challenges to thriving.
With a passion for guiding her clients towards personal growth and achieving their untapped potential, Vanessa is dedicated to enhancing their overall well-being, quality of life, & relationships. Drawing upon her expertise in psychology, she positively impacts her clients & empower them to lead fulfilling & meaningful lives. Having worked with individuals of various ages, including children & adolescents, & a diverse range of challenges, Vanessa has the clinical training to assist individuals, couples, & families on overcoming challenges to thriving.
(03) 8658 1579 View (03) 8658 1579
Photo of Daniel Paglialonga, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Daniel Paglialonga
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
Have you ever been kept up late at night reliving distressing memories? Does your mind chatter and strong emotions interfere with your day-to-day? Are you looking to understand yourself more and make some changes? If your answer is "yes", then we should talk.
Have you ever been kept up late at night reliving distressing memories? Does your mind chatter and strong emotions interfere with your day-to-day? Are you looking to understand yourself more and make some changes? If your answer is "yes", then we should talk.
View
Photo of Jeannie Leggett, PACFA, Counsellor
Jeannie Leggett
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Spotswood, VIC 3015
Not accepting new clients
I am a counsellor and psychotherapist working with individual adults who would like to gain a deeper understanding of themselves, others, and the world. I have a particular interest in trauma, whether from attachment issues, abusive or hurtful relationships, accidents and injury, illness, or natural disasters. I am interested in the transitions made throughout the lifespan, both expected and unexpected, gradual and sudden. I also have clinical experience with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, recovery from family violence, and support for parents of special needs children.
I am a counsellor and psychotherapist working with individual adults who would like to gain a deeper understanding of themselves, others, and the world. I have a particular interest in trauma, whether from attachment issues, abusive or hurtful relationships, accidents and injury, illness, or natural disasters. I am interested in the transitions made throughout the lifespan, both expected and unexpected, gradual and sudden. I also have clinical experience with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, recovery from family violence, and support for parents of special needs children.
(03) 7003 2030 View (03) 7003 2030
Photo of Bettina (Betty) Joy Revens - Sonder Counselling Services, MA, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Sonder Counselling Services
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
My areas of interest revolve around the impacts of early trauma, various grief, and loss experiences and life transitions. Which may impact the everyday functioning of an individual. Having the opportunity to discuss these experiences, the complexities of life transitions and/or unresolved grief and loss and how you have been impacted. At times, we all experience stress, and, anxiety, which can create depressive symptoms. This is extremely relevant at this time due to COVID-19. It is scary, it is unknown territory and we are all going through the same fears. Counsellors can support you through this.
My areas of interest revolve around the impacts of early trauma, various grief, and loss experiences and life transitions. Which may impact the everyday functioning of an individual. Having the opportunity to discuss these experiences, the complexities of life transitions and/or unresolved grief and loss and how you have been impacted. At times, we all experience stress, and, anxiety, which can create depressive symptoms. This is extremely relevant at this time due to COVID-19. It is scary, it is unknown territory and we are all going through the same fears. Counsellors can support you through this.
(08) 9126 9072 View (08) 9126 9072
Anita Carroll
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015  (Online Only)
Anita has a calm, warm and empathic presentation, has a keen awareness and an engaging counselling style. Her focus is on developing a strong therapeutic alliance whilst getting an idea of the history and current issues, and developing deeper understanding, acceptance of differences and hopeful ways to move forward. Offering TELEhealth not f2f
Anita has a calm, warm and empathic presentation, has a keen awareness and an engaging counselling style. Her focus is on developing a strong therapeutic alliance whilst getting an idea of the history and current issues, and developing deeper understanding, acceptance of differences and hopeful ways to move forward. Offering TELEhealth not f2f
(03) 8652 1483 View (03) 8652 1483
Photo of Anna Maxwell, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Anna Maxwell
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
Anna is a registered psychologist and is passionate about helping adults and older adolescents to improve their happiness and wellbeing. Anna has experience working with parents and has facilitated early parenting and attachment-based group programs including Circle of Security and Keeping Your Child in Mind. Anna is committed to building strong, respectful, and collaborative working relationships with her clients. She believes in taking a gentle, person-centred approach so that each client feels heard and understood. Anna supports clients in developing their own insight, self-understanding, and self-compassion.
Anna is a registered psychologist and is passionate about helping adults and older adolescents to improve their happiness and wellbeing. Anna has experience working with parents and has facilitated early parenting and attachment-based group programs including Circle of Security and Keeping Your Child in Mind. Anna is committed to building strong, respectful, and collaborative working relationships with her clients. She believes in taking a gentle, person-centred approach so that each client feels heard and understood. Anna supports clients in developing their own insight, self-understanding, and self-compassion.
(03) 9000 0866 View (03) 9000 0866
Photo of Melis Topsahin, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Melis Topsahin
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015  (Online Only)
I particularly assist clients that require therapy in the areas of anxiety, substance abuse (other addictions), depression and relationship issues. My focus is on working with the client towards personal development and goal setting. Each client is so very unique, hence, requires a personal counselling approach that is catered entirely for them. As a therapist, i work with various approaches such as: CBT, ACT, humanistic approach and TRTP (trauma therapy) amongst many other(s).
I particularly assist clients that require therapy in the areas of anxiety, substance abuse (other addictions), depression and relationship issues. My focus is on working with the client towards personal development and goal setting. Each client is so very unique, hence, requires a personal counselling approach that is catered entirely for them. As a therapist, i work with various approaches such as: CBT, ACT, humanistic approach and TRTP (trauma therapy) amongst many other(s).
(02) 4504 0146 View (02) 4504 0146
Photo of Dimitri Hawa, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Dimitri Hawa
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spotswood, VIC 3015
Dimitri has significant experience providing psychotherapy with adults. Areas of expertise include relationship issues, grief, depression, anxiety, anger management, neurodiverse challenges (ADHD/ASD), and, facilitating the process of psychological recovery from trauma and complex trauma (i., e childhood/adult abuse issues, domestic violence, family dysfunction, childhood neglect). Dimitri has worked as a private practice over several years, school psychologist, Victims of Crime, Transport Accident Commission (TAC), NDIS disability work, along with previous experience in the provision of psychological support in prison settings.
Dimitri has significant experience providing psychotherapy with adults. Areas of expertise include relationship issues, grief, depression, anxiety, anger management, neurodiverse challenges (ADHD/ASD), and, facilitating the process of psychological recovery from trauma and complex trauma (i., e childhood/adult abuse issues, domestic violence, family dysfunction, childhood neglect). Dimitri has worked as a private practice over several years, school psychologist, Victims of Crime, Transport Accident Commission (TAC), NDIS disability work, along with previous experience in the provision of psychological support in prison settings.
(03) 9007 2339 View (03) 9007 2339
Photo of Christine Harris, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Christine Harris
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spotswood, VIC 3015
Christine is a Clinical Psychologist who has a special interest in supporting clients to process and understand past trauma and move beyond issues that have held them back. She also has a special interest in supporting clients who are experiencing fertility issues and undertaking ART, as well as those who are experiencing general adjustment issues, depression and anxiety. Christine believes that everyone has the ability to change and lead a more fulfilling and content life. She works collaboratively with clients to develop goals and strategies and finds that therapy works best when clients are able to play an active role.
Christine is a Clinical Psychologist who has a special interest in supporting clients to process and understand past trauma and move beyond issues that have held them back. She also has a special interest in supporting clients who are experiencing fertility issues and undertaking ART, as well as those who are experiencing general adjustment issues, depression and anxiety. Christine believes that everyone has the ability to change and lead a more fulfilling and content life. She works collaboratively with clients to develop goals and strategies and finds that therapy works best when clients are able to play an active role.
(03) 9111 5326 View (03) 9111 5326
Photo of Murray Sibbison - Prodigal Family Services, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Prodigal Family Services
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
Hi, my name is Murray. I'm an Addiction Specialist, who offers Specialised Counselling, General Counselling and Christian Counselling. With an extensive background in addictions, my knowledge of the topic reaches beyond the norm having lived my own personal experience seeking help and residential rehabilitation for a drug and alcohol addiction and deteriorating mental health as a young adult. I have over ten years’ professional experience in the Alcohol & Other Drug (AOD) sector, and eight years professional experience as a counsellor, including six years living and working in a residential drug & alcohol rehabilitation centre.
Hi, my name is Murray. I'm an Addiction Specialist, who offers Specialised Counselling, General Counselling and Christian Counselling. With an extensive background in addictions, my knowledge of the topic reaches beyond the norm having lived my own personal experience seeking help and residential rehabilitation for a drug and alcohol addiction and deteriorating mental health as a young adult. I have over ten years’ professional experience in the Alcohol & Other Drug (AOD) sector, and eight years professional experience as a counsellor, including six years living and working in a residential drug & alcohol rehabilitation centre.
(03) 8658 8900 View (03) 8658 8900
Photo of Kyo Chung, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Kyo Chung
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spotswood, VIC 3015
Mental and emotional well-being is essential to achieving goals and being the best version of ourselves. Even negative emotions contain messages if unaddressed can lead to poor mental health and interpersonal difficulties. Medicating away or numbing out difficult emotions is not the only way. By being emotionally intelligent, we can achieve goals and have the relationship we want.
Mental and emotional well-being is essential to achieving goals and being the best version of ourselves. Even negative emotions contain messages if unaddressed can lead to poor mental health and interpersonal difficulties. Medicating away or numbing out difficult emotions is not the only way. By being emotionally intelligent, we can achieve goals and have the relationship we want.
(03) 9327 2769 View (03) 9327 2769
Photo of Joanne Cook, MA, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joanne Cook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
Hi, I’m Jo. I am a registered Mental Health Social Worker and Clinical Family Therapist with experience working in public and private mental health settings. I primarily work with children and adolescents using a systemic approach of involving parents where appropriate. My work with children incorporates play and considers their developmental age. I also offer therapeutic interventions to individual adults and families. I enjoy the dynamic nature of family and parent-child therapy, to help mobilise your individual and collective strengths that will promote deeper connectivity and improve family relationships.
Hi, I’m Jo. I am a registered Mental Health Social Worker and Clinical Family Therapist with experience working in public and private mental health settings. I primarily work with children and adolescents using a systemic approach of involving parents where appropriate. My work with children incorporates play and considers their developmental age. I also offer therapeutic interventions to individual adults and families. I enjoy the dynamic nature of family and parent-child therapy, to help mobilise your individual and collective strengths that will promote deeper connectivity and improve family relationships.
(08) 9126 9091 View (08) 9126 9091
Photo of Livia Cremona-Bellizia, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
Livia Cremona-Bellizia
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
Livia is an empathetic clinical psychologist dedicated to helping individuals navigate their mental health challenges. She has a specific interest in working with adults experiencing difficulties with depression, anxiety, postnatal depression and trauma. By actively engaging with patients to clarify their motivations and goals, Livia ensures that therapy remains focused and meaningful, ultimately facilitating positive change and personal growth.
Livia is an empathetic clinical psychologist dedicated to helping individuals navigate their mental health challenges. She has a specific interest in working with adults experiencing difficulties with depression, anxiety, postnatal depression and trauma. By actively engaging with patients to clarify their motivations and goals, Livia ensures that therapy remains focused and meaningful, ultimately facilitating positive change and personal growth.
(03) 9069 9744 View (03) 9069 9744
Photo of Emily Barber, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Emily Barber
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
Hi, I’m Emily! I’m an experienced psychologist offering in-person and online therapeutic support to tweens, teens and young adults (ages 12-30). I understand that reaching out is not easy, that is why I have created a safe space where we can work on your thoughts and emotions freely. I draw from evidence-based interventions including person-centred therapy, CBT, ACT, DBT and narrative therapy.
Hi, I’m Emily! I’m an experienced psychologist offering in-person and online therapeutic support to tweens, teens and young adults (ages 12-30). I understand that reaching out is not easy, that is why I have created a safe space where we can work on your thoughts and emotions freely. I draw from evidence-based interventions including person-centred therapy, CBT, ACT, DBT and narrative therapy.
0420 558 547 View 0420 558 547
Photo of Vicky Bablas, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Vicky Bablas
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015  (Online Only)
I am a registered clinical psychologist experienced in the assessment and treatment of a variety of mental health concerns and clinical conditions, such as depression, anxiety, panic, specific phobias, chronic pain conditions, stress and adjustment issues, sleep disturbance & insomnia, anger issues, grief & loss, relationship issues, self-esteem issues as well as trauma & PTSD. I work primarily with adults and adolescents and am committed to creating a warm and welcoming environment for you to feel safe to explore your concerns fully, and work together to develop a plan to suit you.
I am a registered clinical psychologist experienced in the assessment and treatment of a variety of mental health concerns and clinical conditions, such as depression, anxiety, panic, specific phobias, chronic pain conditions, stress and adjustment issues, sleep disturbance & insomnia, anger issues, grief & loss, relationship issues, self-esteem issues as well as trauma & PTSD. I work primarily with adults and adolescents and am committed to creating a warm and welcoming environment for you to feel safe to explore your concerns fully, and work together to develop a plan to suit you.
(02) 4504 0213 View (02) 4504 0213
Photo of Linda Taimre - The Galaxy Clinic, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
The Galaxy Clinic
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015
Hi, I'm Linda, the owner of The Galaxy Clinic. I work with children and teenagers who might be experiencing anxiety, depression, adjustment disorders, and issues with their self-esteem or relationships with other people, their bodies, and themselves. I have a special interest and experience in working with functional neurological disorders, young people with brain injuries, and young people with disabilities or chronic illnesses. I also work with neurodiverse young people, such as those with autism or ADHD, experiencing mental health difficulties. I work with young people (and their families) to build on their personal strengths.
Hi, I'm Linda, the owner of The Galaxy Clinic. I work with children and teenagers who might be experiencing anxiety, depression, adjustment disorders, and issues with their self-esteem or relationships with other people, their bodies, and themselves. I have a special interest and experience in working with functional neurological disorders, young people with brain injuries, and young people with disabilities or chronic illnesses. I also work with neurodiverse young people, such as those with autism or ADHD, experiencing mental health difficulties. I work with young people (and their families) to build on their personal strengths.
(03) 7003 2639 View (03) 7003 2639
1

See more therapy options for 3015

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 3015

30+

Average cost per session

$190

Counsellors in 3015 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Relationship Issues
86% Depression
81% Self Esteem
78% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Medicare Rebates
41% Medibank Private
41% NDIS

How Counsellors in 3015 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3015?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.