Counselling in 3004

Photo of Joanne Margaret Oliver - Joanne Oliver Psychotherapy , Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Joanne Oliver Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I support clients with a desire to overcome difficult emotions and confusing interpersonal connections and live their lives with authenticity. By helping you connect with your own inner wisdom, informed by your unique lived experience and context, you will learn about, and discover aspects of yourself and patterns of relating which will assist in making sense of your experiences. In creating a safe and non-judgmental space for you to talk about your thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviours, I will help you to develop greater self-awareness, compassion, and understanding of yourself and your relationships with others.
I support clients with a desire to overcome difficult emotions and confusing interpersonal connections and live their lives with authenticity. By helping you connect with your own inner wisdom, informed by your unique lived experience and context, you will learn about, and discover aspects of yourself and patterns of relating which will assist in making sense of your experiences. In creating a safe and non-judgmental space for you to talk about your thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviours, I will help you to develop greater self-awareness, compassion, and understanding of yourself and your relationships with others.
(03) 7003 2258 View (03) 7003 2258
Photo of Elliot Gerschman, Psychologist, MAPS
Elliot Gerschman
Psychologist, MAPS
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
ARE YOU EXPERIENCING... Emotional pain? Relationship conflict? Lack of meaning? If you are like most people, you probably struggle at times because you have never received any formal training about how to care for your emotional wellbeing. Dr Gerschman's approach goes beyond talk therapy by providing a structured, skills-based program for treating current symptoms and promoting enduring resilience. Imagine having the knowledge and confidence to manage difficult thoughts and feelings, navigate tricky relationships, and find lasting meaning and fulfilment!
ARE YOU EXPERIENCING... Emotional pain? Relationship conflict? Lack of meaning? If you are like most people, you probably struggle at times because you have never received any formal training about how to care for your emotional wellbeing. Dr Gerschman's approach goes beyond talk therapy by providing a structured, skills-based program for treating current symptoms and promoting enduring resilience. Imagine having the knowledge and confidence to manage difficult thoughts and feelings, navigate tricky relationships, and find lasting meaning and fulfilment!
(03) 9068 5161 View (03) 9068 5161
Photo of Dr Vicky Manikas, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Dr Vicky Manikas
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Vicky is a bilingual (Greek speaking) psychologist who has over 20 years experience and has worked in various settings, including private practice, hospitals, and schools. Vicky has worked with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families and draws upon a variety of therapeutic approaches to help develop treatment plans for individuals based on each person's unique circumstances. Vicky's interests include anxiety, depression, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), couples therapy, parenting, infertility, pregnancy support, workplace stress and conflict, grief and loss.
Vicky is a bilingual (Greek speaking) psychologist who has over 20 years experience and has worked in various settings, including private practice, hospitals, and schools. Vicky has worked with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families and draws upon a variety of therapeutic approaches to help develop treatment plans for individuals based on each person's unique circumstances. Vicky's interests include anxiety, depression, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), couples therapy, parenting, infertility, pregnancy support, workplace stress and conflict, grief and loss.
(03) 9118 9033 View (03) 9118 9033
Photo of Nishie Govender - Nishie - WorkSafe & Medicare Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Nishie - WorkSafe & Medicare Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
3 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I focus on workers' compensation/injuries and women's mental health. I am a registered clinical psychologist with over 12 years of experience in both clinical and organisational psychology. Recognising individual beliefs, experiences, and cultures is at the core of my practice. I provide support in a non-judgmental and friendly environment, allowing clients to share and work through barriers uniquely.
I focus on workers' compensation/injuries and women's mental health. I am a registered clinical psychologist with over 12 years of experience in both clinical and organisational psychology. Recognising individual beliefs, experiences, and cultures is at the core of my practice. I provide support in a non-judgmental and friendly environment, allowing clients to share and work through barriers uniquely.
(03) 7003 2697 View (03) 7003 2697
Photo of Lee Cubis, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Lee Cubis
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 18 years working in the health and disability sectors (as a support worker, assistant in nursing and Psychologist). I have an interest in working with people from LGBTQIA+ populations including individuals and relationship work. I have a strong understanding of the many ways that intimate relationships are structured. I als work with adults from all populations to manage anxiety disorders using effective and evidence-based interventions. I have a further interest in working with adults with disability including acquired brain injury, intellectual disability, ASD, and neuro-degenerative disease.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 18 years working in the health and disability sectors (as a support worker, assistant in nursing and Psychologist). I have an interest in working with people from LGBTQIA+ populations including individuals and relationship work. I have a strong understanding of the many ways that intimate relationships are structured. I als work with adults from all populations to manage anxiety disorders using effective and evidence-based interventions. I have a further interest in working with adults with disability including acquired brain injury, intellectual disability, ASD, and neuro-degenerative disease.
(03) 6316 1110 View (03) 6316 1110
Photo of Fiona Fouvy, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Fiona Fouvy
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Executive Coach with 25+ years of experience in corporate and public sector organisations, and over 9 years in private practice. I help adults of all ages experiencing anxiety, stress, trauma, grief and loss, life transitions. I have a special interest in work-related issues, job or career dissatisfaction.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Executive Coach with 25+ years of experience in corporate and public sector organisations, and over 9 years in private practice. I help adults of all ages experiencing anxiety, stress, trauma, grief and loss, life transitions. I have a special interest in work-related issues, job or career dissatisfaction.
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Photo of Catherine Gabelish, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Catherine Gabelish
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I am a registered psychologist based in Melbourne, working with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep difficulties, with a particular focus on insomnia. I aim to provide a calm, non-judgemental space to feel heard and find a way forward. I also have an interest in working with neurodivergent adults who would like to better understand their experiences, honour their strengths, and develop practical systems that work with their brains, not against it.
I am a registered psychologist based in Melbourne, working with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep difficulties, with a particular focus on insomnia. I aim to provide a calm, non-judgemental space to feel heard and find a way forward. I also have an interest in working with neurodivergent adults who would like to better understand their experiences, honour their strengths, and develop practical systems that work with their brains, not against it.
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Photo of Julian Andrew Thompson, Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Julian Andrew Thompson
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I feel passionate about helping people make meaningful, sustainable, and healthy changes in their lives. I aim to work respectfully and collaboratively with people so that clients build their own independence and develop ways to manage life stressors more effectively, in addition to their own thoughts, feelings and behaviours. A comfortable, empathetic and supportive therapeutic relationship is also very important in my approach, and research shows that this is essential in best outcomes for clients. I generally work on a wide range of mental health and life issues and the approaches I work with are all evidence-based interventions.
I feel passionate about helping people make meaningful, sustainable, and healthy changes in their lives. I aim to work respectfully and collaboratively with people so that clients build their own independence and develop ways to manage life stressors more effectively, in addition to their own thoughts, feelings and behaviours. A comfortable, empathetic and supportive therapeutic relationship is also very important in my approach, and research shows that this is essential in best outcomes for clients. I generally work on a wide range of mental health and life issues and the approaches I work with are all evidence-based interventions.
(03) 7003 2333 View (03) 7003 2333
Photo of Magdalena Lopez, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Magdalena Lopez
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Melbourne, VIC 3004
As your Psychologist, I will help you navigate any difficulties and struggles you may be experiencing whether its at home, at work or in life in general. I will point you in the best direction with helpful strategies and insights so that you feel less anxious, confused or down. I can help with you a variety of concerns such as self-esteem, anxiety, depression, relationships, career, loss and more.
As your Psychologist, I will help you navigate any difficulties and struggles you may be experiencing whether its at home, at work or in life in general. I will point you in the best direction with helpful strategies and insights so that you feel less anxious, confused or down. I can help with you a variety of concerns such as self-esteem, anxiety, depression, relationships, career, loss and more.
(03) 9529 1361 View (03) 9529 1361
Photo of Danny J Italia - Rainbow Psychology - Danny Italia, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Rainbow Psychology - Danny Italia
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Sometimes talking to someone can alleviate your issues. Danny is here to provide a little lift in your life. He deals with all types of presenting issues including depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, relationship/family problems, addictions and those that affect the LGBTIQA+ community. However, all presenting issues considered. NDIS, Victims of Crime, TAC, WorkCover & DVA clients are also available to be seen.
Sometimes talking to someone can alleviate your issues. Danny is here to provide a little lift in your life. He deals with all types of presenting issues including depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, relationship/family problems, addictions and those that affect the LGBTIQA+ community. However, all presenting issues considered. NDIS, Victims of Crime, TAC, WorkCover & DVA clients are also available to be seen.
(03) 7003 2210 View (03) 7003 2210
Photo of Rachelle Porter, Psychologist, MPsych
Rachelle Porter
Psychologist, MPsych
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I am a Clinical Psychologist working for over 15 years across the private and public sector. I have worked extensively with adolescents, and adults to help them manage the effects of anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, and relationship difficulties on their work, study, and personal lives.
I am a Clinical Psychologist working for over 15 years across the private and public sector. I have worked extensively with adolescents, and adults to help them manage the effects of anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, and relationship difficulties on their work, study, and personal lives.
(03) 7003 2331 View (03) 7003 2331
Photo of Patricia Ann Boyhan, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Patricia Ann Boyhan
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I am an experienced Psychologist and Family Therapist. I have worked for many years with an NGO, and for the past 15 years, I have been in private practice. I am a published author and have contributed to several journal publications. I work with a range of presentations including couples' counselling, family therapy and individuals. I believe I am a warm and empathetic practitioner which is reflected in the ways in which I engage with clients. I use a range of therapeutic treatments, some of which include; Grief Counselling, Gestalt , Compassion Focused Therapy for Complex Trauma, CBT, Family Therapy, in a humanistic style.
I am an experienced Psychologist and Family Therapist. I have worked for many years with an NGO, and for the past 15 years, I have been in private practice. I am a published author and have contributed to several journal publications. I work with a range of presentations including couples' counselling, family therapy and individuals. I believe I am a warm and empathetic practitioner which is reflected in the ways in which I engage with clients. I use a range of therapeutic treatments, some of which include; Grief Counselling, Gestalt , Compassion Focused Therapy for Complex Trauma, CBT, Family Therapy, in a humanistic style.
0419 588 150 View 0419 588 150
Photo of Maggie Hall, Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Maggie Hall
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Dr Maggie Hall is the founder of Inner South Psychology. She is an experienced clinical psychologist who uses a non-judgmental and empathetic approach to treat a wide variety of difficulties in adults of all ages. She has expertise in the treatment of anxiety and depression as well as stress, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, adjustment, life transitions, problems at work, sleep difficulties, loss, grief, addictions and managing difficult emotions.
Dr Maggie Hall is the founder of Inner South Psychology. She is an experienced clinical psychologist who uses a non-judgmental and empathetic approach to treat a wide variety of difficulties in adults of all ages. She has expertise in the treatment of anxiety and depression as well as stress, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, adjustment, life transitions, problems at work, sleep difficulties, loss, grief, addictions and managing difficult emotions.
(03) 9111 5312 View (03) 9111 5312
Photo of Kim Dang - KD Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
KD Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Kim is a registered psychologist who is experienced in delivering individual counselling and psychotherapy, assessments, and report writing to diverse populations across the lifespan (adults, adolescents, children). She believes that every client is unique in their needs, goals, and life experiences and takes an individualised client-focused approach in her practice of psychology.
Kim is a registered psychologist who is experienced in delivering individual counselling and psychotherapy, assessments, and report writing to diverse populations across the lifespan (adults, adolescents, children). She believes that every client is unique in their needs, goals, and life experiences and takes an individualised client-focused approach in her practice of psychology.
0490 022 973 View 0490 022 973
Photo of Toby Zappia - Renewed Life Coaching & Counselling
Renewed Life Coaching & Counselling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Feeling stuck, disconnected, or like your relationship has lost its spark? At Renewed Life Counselling & Coaching, we help individuals and couples heal, reconnect, and experience real transformation. As a husband-and-wife team, our dual-therapist couples program brings both male and female perspectives, ensuring each partner feels heard, understood, and safe. We create a space for open communication, emotional growth, and lasting change for both relationships and personal healing. For individuals, we bring years of experience to help you heal, grow, and provide compassionate support every step of your journey.
Feeling stuck, disconnected, or like your relationship has lost its spark? At Renewed Life Counselling & Coaching, we help individuals and couples heal, reconnect, and experience real transformation. As a husband-and-wife team, our dual-therapist couples program brings both male and female perspectives, ensuring each partner feels heard, understood, and safe. We create a space for open communication, emotional growth, and lasting change for both relationships and personal healing. For individuals, we bring years of experience to help you heal, grow, and provide compassionate support every step of your journey.
(03) 9088 0895 View (03) 9088 0895
Photo of Dr Fernanda Barros, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Dr Fernanda Barros
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Melbourne, VIC 3004
I have worked as therapist since 2016 supporting people going through a range of challenges across the lifespan. My areas of interest are identity, cross-culture, parenting and interpersonal relationships. I find what works for each individual and tailor my approach accordingly. My approach is holistic. I have specialised in existential -phenomenology and psychodynamic, I also use schema interventions. I see therapy as a collaborative dialogue which will foster a safe environment to achieve greater understanding and awareness of one's life and interpersonal difficulties. Please reach out and we can discuss how I may be able to help
I have worked as therapist since 2016 supporting people going through a range of challenges across the lifespan. My areas of interest are identity, cross-culture, parenting and interpersonal relationships. I find what works for each individual and tailor my approach accordingly. My approach is holistic. I have specialised in existential -phenomenology and psychodynamic, I also use schema interventions. I see therapy as a collaborative dialogue which will foster a safe environment to achieve greater understanding and awareness of one's life and interpersonal difficulties. Please reach out and we can discuss how I may be able to help
(03) 7003 2334 View (03) 7003 2334
Photo of Lucy Adlard, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Lucy Adlard
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Lucy takes a holistic, client-led approach to mental health and believes that therapy works best when clients feel genuinely safe, heard, and comfortable being themselves. She’s passionate about creating the kind of space that feels supportive and relaxed, yet still fosters honesty, curiosity, and self-compassion. Her clinical interests include behaviour change and addictions, emotional regulation, anxiety (in all its forms), sleep, and mood and personality disorders. She also has further training in the Gottman Method (Level 1) and has a particular interest supporting clients working through relationship and attachment concerns.
Lucy takes a holistic, client-led approach to mental health and believes that therapy works best when clients feel genuinely safe, heard, and comfortable being themselves. She’s passionate about creating the kind of space that feels supportive and relaxed, yet still fosters honesty, curiosity, and self-compassion. Her clinical interests include behaviour change and addictions, emotional regulation, anxiety (in all its forms), sleep, and mood and personality disorders. She also has further training in the Gottman Method (Level 1) and has a particular interest supporting clients working through relationship and attachment concerns.
(03) 9605 3535 View (03) 9605 3535
Photo of Jessica Lyons, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Jessica Lyons
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Jessica is a compassionate and approachable psychologist dedicated to creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel truly heard and supported. With an empathetic and open-minded approach, she meets each client where they are, tailoring therapy to their unique needs and goals. She gently challenges when appropriate, encouraging growth and deeper self-awareness. Jessica provides evidence-based, client centered care whilst building on your strengths and values to help you navigate life's challenges with confidence and clarity.
Jessica is a compassionate and approachable psychologist dedicated to creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel truly heard and supported. With an empathetic and open-minded approach, she meets each client where they are, tailoring therapy to their unique needs and goals. She gently challenges when appropriate, encouraging growth and deeper self-awareness. Jessica provides evidence-based, client centered care whilst building on your strengths and values to help you navigate life's challenges with confidence and clarity.
(03) 7040 8197 View (03) 7040 8197
Photo of Shaun Williams, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Shaun Williams
Counsellor, ACA-L1
3 Endorsed
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Many of the men I work with are living with anxiety, burnout, loneliness, or relationship challenges, while others are exploring identity changes, confidence, and belonging. I support gay and queer men to strengthen their mental health, navigate life transitions, and build a deeper sense of connection with themselves and others. Our work focuses on understanding what is getting in the way, easing shame, and creating steadier, more meaningful ways of relating.
Many of the men I work with are living with anxiety, burnout, loneliness, or relationship challenges, while others are exploring identity changes, confidence, and belonging. I support gay and queer men to strengthen their mental health, navigate life transitions, and build a deeper sense of connection with themselves and others. Our work focuses on understanding what is getting in the way, easing shame, and creating steadier, more meaningful ways of relating.
(03) 9111 2666 View (03) 9111 2666
Photo of Tonia Hetherington, Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Tonia Hetherington
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Melbourne, VIC 3004
Couples Counsellor and Relationship Therapist I work with you as a couple to understand the dynamic of your relationship today – the patterns and the past wounds and hurts - uncovering the subconscious beliefs and drivers, and how you both trigger each other’s pain. I assist you to become more conscious of what is really going on when you feel disconnected, misunderstood, betrayed and alone. With that understanding, I facilitate you to come together as a couple to be vulnerable, loving and deeply connected.
Couples Counsellor and Relationship Therapist I work with you as a couple to understand the dynamic of your relationship today – the patterns and the past wounds and hurts - uncovering the subconscious beliefs and drivers, and how you both trigger each other’s pain. I assist you to become more conscious of what is really going on when you feel disconnected, misunderstood, betrayed and alone. With that understanding, I facilitate you to come together as a couple to be vulnerable, loving and deeply connected.
0483 824 857 View 0483 824 857

See more therapy options for 3004

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 3004

100+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 3004 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
81% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
72% Self Esteem
64% Trauma and PTSD
47% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Medicare Rebates
50% NDIS
48% Bupa

How Therapists in 3004 see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

68% Female
27% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3004?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.