Counselling in 2211

Photo of Yvette McManus - Yvette McManus Counselling, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Yvette McManus Counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Padstow, NSW 2211
Hello, I’m a counsellor based in South Western Sydney. I am dedicated to providing compassionate care and creating a safe space for clients to explore their inner world. Embracing a person-centered approach, I also incorporates evidence-based modalities such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I am committed to hearing your story and working alongside you towards healing, growth, and fulfillment.
Hello, I’m a counsellor based in South Western Sydney. I am dedicated to providing compassionate care and creating a safe space for clients to explore their inner world. Embracing a person-centered approach, I also incorporates evidence-based modalities such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I am committed to hearing your story and working alongside you towards healing, growth, and fulfillment.
(02) 8776 3293 View (02) 8776 3293
Photo of Jimmy Jun - Mosaic Counselling Services, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Mosaic Counselling Services
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Padstow, NSW 2211
I have lived cross-culturally most of my life. Having lived and worked in interesting places such as: Chiang Mai, Seattle, Cape Town, New York, Tunis, Vancouver, Seoul, Chicago, to name a few, it has given me a unique perspective and understanding to meet the challenging needs of my clients.
I have lived cross-culturally most of my life. Having lived and worked in interesting places such as: Chiang Mai, Seattle, Cape Town, New York, Tunis, Vancouver, Seoul, Chicago, to name a few, it has given me a unique perspective and understanding to meet the challenging needs of my clients.
(02) 8105 6819 View (02) 8105 6819
Photo of Maureen Deeb, Counsellor, PACFA
Maureen Deeb
Counsellor, PACFA
Padstow, NSW 2211
I am a Counsellor/Psychotherapist, I have lived through a lot of different experiences. Born in Australia and one of 10 children. My marriage was mixed racially and I had 5 children of my own, who are now adults and am now blessed with 3 grandchildren. I am divorced. I sought counselling for my own healing and eventually studied at a mature age. I now have the privilege of helping others through their life challenges, family, parenting, relationship issues, grief, mental health, whatever the struggle is.
I am a Counsellor/Psychotherapist, I have lived through a lot of different experiences. Born in Australia and one of 10 children. My marriage was mixed racially and I had 5 children of my own, who are now adults and am now blessed with 3 grandchildren. I am divorced. I sought counselling for my own healing and eventually studied at a mature age. I now have the privilege of helping others through their life challenges, family, parenting, relationship issues, grief, mental health, whatever the struggle is.
(02) 8105 6747 View (02) 8105 6747
Photo of Vera Nedelkovska, Counsellor, PACFA
Vera Nedelkovska
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
Integrating evidence-based practices to help you thrive in relationships and life. I’m Vera, a passionate therapist dedicated to guiding you through your personal journey with counseling, therapy, and hypnosis. My approach centres around you, creating a nurturing space where you can explore and overcome your challenges. I specialise in empowering you to build healthier relationships, increase your resilience, and foster a deeper understanding of yourself. With my support, you can achieve lasting personal growth and transformative changes in your life.
Integrating evidence-based practices to help you thrive in relationships and life. I’m Vera, a passionate therapist dedicated to guiding you through your personal journey with counseling, therapy, and hypnosis. My approach centres around you, creating a nurturing space where you can explore and overcome your challenges. I specialise in empowering you to build healthier relationships, increase your resilience, and foster a deeper understanding of yourself. With my support, you can achieve lasting personal growth and transformative changes in your life.
(02) 8105 6855 View (02) 8105 6855
Photo of Anita S, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Anita S
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Anita is a registered psychologist with extensive experience providing psychological assessment and interventions to children, adolescents, and adults. Anita’s specific interests include anxiety, depression, grief and loss, trauma and PTSD, life transitions and adjustment difficulties, eating and body image concerns, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Anita also works with clients who have experienced trauma such as abuse, neglect, and domestic violence. Anita works with individuals through Medicare, Private, Victims Services, NDIS, Open Arms/DVA and Workcover/SIRA.
Anita is a registered psychologist with extensive experience providing psychological assessment and interventions to children, adolescents, and adults. Anita’s specific interests include anxiety, depression, grief and loss, trauma and PTSD, life transitions and adjustment difficulties, eating and body image concerns, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Anita also works with clients who have experienced trauma such as abuse, neglect, and domestic violence. Anita works with individuals through Medicare, Private, Victims Services, NDIS, Open Arms/DVA and Workcover/SIRA.
(02) 8105 6470 View (02) 8105 6470
Photo of Vanessa Allen, Social Worker, AMHSW
Vanessa Allen
Social Worker, AMHSW
Serves Area
Vanessa is a Mental Health Social Worker, Psychotherapist and Counsellor. ​ Vanessa is known for her empathetic approach and desire to empower clients, so they can make positive changes in line with their values. Her calm and caring nature allows her to build trust even with the most resistant clients. She has worked with people from diverse backgrounds and of all ages. Her calm and caring nature allows her to build trust even with the most resistant clients. Vanessa is also a Credentialed Eating Disorder Clinician and a Certified RO-DBT Practitioner.
Vanessa is a Mental Health Social Worker, Psychotherapist and Counsellor. ​ Vanessa is known for her empathetic approach and desire to empower clients, so they can make positive changes in line with their values. Her calm and caring nature allows her to build trust even with the most resistant clients. She has worked with people from diverse backgrounds and of all ages. Her calm and caring nature allows her to build trust even with the most resistant clients. Vanessa is also a Credentialed Eating Disorder Clinician and a Certified RO-DBT Practitioner.
(02) 8074 5994 View (02) 8074 5994
Photo of Rebecca Nakhoul, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Rebecca Nakhoul
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Rebecca is aware it can be confronting to speak with someone about the things upsetting us. It is for this reason she makes it her job to ensure individuals feel comfortable and confident in the therapy process. She does so by being warm and empathetic whilst maintaining an evidenced-based approach. She primarily works with adults who are struggling with depression, stress, anxiety, trauma, burnout, procrastination and perfectionism, self-esteem difficulties, attachment difficulties, grief, personality difficulties, OCD, workplace issues, difficulties with gender and identity, family dynamics and much more.
Rebecca is aware it can be confronting to speak with someone about the things upsetting us. It is for this reason she makes it her job to ensure individuals feel comfortable and confident in the therapy process. She does so by being warm and empathetic whilst maintaining an evidenced-based approach. She primarily works with adults who are struggling with depression, stress, anxiety, trauma, burnout, procrastination and perfectionism, self-esteem difficulties, attachment difficulties, grief, personality difficulties, OCD, workplace issues, difficulties with gender and identity, family dynamics and much more.
(02) 8105 6677 View (02) 8105 6677
Photo of Ji Fang Zhou, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Ji Fang Zhou
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, my name is Ji Fang but everyone calls me Fang. I've known for a long time I wanted to work with people. After a successful decade-long career in Human Resources, I decided to pursue a new direction in Psychology where I can work on a deeper personal level with people. I love using my psychological skills and training to help people improve mental health, heal from trauma, overcome addictions, connect with their purpose in life, work towards their goals and build better relationships. There is nothing more rewarding than to see my clients become stronger, better versions of themselves.
Hi, my name is Ji Fang but everyone calls me Fang. I've known for a long time I wanted to work with people. After a successful decade-long career in Human Resources, I decided to pursue a new direction in Psychology where I can work on a deeper personal level with people. I love using my psychological skills and training to help people improve mental health, heal from trauma, overcome addictions, connect with their purpose in life, work towards their goals and build better relationships. There is nothing more rewarding than to see my clients become stronger, better versions of themselves.
(02) 8105 5074 View (02) 8105 5074
Photo of Sonya Thompson, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Sonya Thompson
Counsellor, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Sonya is a warm and insightful counsellor who combines professional expertise with genuine lived experience. She supports adults managing anxiety, stress, and relationship challenges, offering practical tools, compassion, and clarity. Sonya helps clients strengthen self-awareness, boundaries, and emotional balance in a safe and understanding space.
Sonya is a warm and insightful counsellor who combines professional expertise with genuine lived experience. She supports adults managing anxiety, stress, and relationship challenges, offering practical tools, compassion, and clarity. Sonya helps clients strengthen self-awareness, boundaries, and emotional balance in a safe and understanding space.
(02) 7501 1289 View (02) 7501 1289
Photo of Effie Chronopoulos - Heard Hearts Therapy, Counsellor, PACFA
Heard Hearts Therapy
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
At Heard Hearts Therapy, Effie provides compassionate, evidence-based counselling to individuals and families navigating life’s challenges. Effie's approach is grounded in warmth, empathy, and collaboration, creating a safe space where you can feel heard, understood, and supported. Whether you’re seeking help with anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, parenting challenges, grief, trauma, or life transitions, the therapy is tailored to meet your unique needs and goals.
At Heard Hearts Therapy, Effie provides compassionate, evidence-based counselling to individuals and families navigating life’s challenges. Effie's approach is grounded in warmth, empathy, and collaboration, creating a safe space where you can feel heard, understood, and supported. Whether you’re seeking help with anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, parenting challenges, grief, trauma, or life transitions, the therapy is tailored to meet your unique needs and goals.
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jessica Cortes, Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Jessica Cortes
Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153
Please only call the mobile . J & Co values holistic care, providing the latest scientific evidence based best practices. It aims at providing a safe, confidential, and accepting space to explore life’s challenges. Further, the clinic gives people the tools they need to effectively deal with their psychological well-being and improve their quality of life.
Please only call the mobile . J & Co values holistic care, providing the latest scientific evidence based best practices. It aims at providing a safe, confidential, and accepting space to explore life’s challenges. Further, the clinic gives people the tools they need to effectively deal with their psychological well-being and improve their quality of life.
(02) 8403 0921 View (02) 8403 0921
Photo of Michael Rooney, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Michael Rooney
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Serves Area
You promised you would not watch online porn or live sex cams again. You feel guilt and shame because you want to stop but cant. You visited a sex worker recently and now you are worried you might have put the health of your family at risk. You plan to spend a short time on dating apps and find yourself spending hours on them, unable to put them down, feeling desperate and hopeless. You have an instant attraction when you meet a particular type of person, believing they are the one. You might be in recovery for alcohol / drug addiction, but your compulsive sexual acting out behaviours have increased and you feel guilt and shame.
You promised you would not watch online porn or live sex cams again. You feel guilt and shame because you want to stop but cant. You visited a sex worker recently and now you are worried you might have put the health of your family at risk. You plan to spend a short time on dating apps and find yourself spending hours on them, unable to put them down, feeling desperate and hopeless. You have an instant attraction when you meet a particular type of person, believing they are the one. You might be in recovery for alcohol / drug addiction, but your compulsive sexual acting out behaviours have increased and you feel guilt and shame.
(02) 4504 0389 View (02) 4504 0389
Photo of Heather Koorey, Counsellor
Heather Koorey
Counsellor
Sydney, NSW 2000
My Intentional Counselling practice is for people who want: to increase their mental health and wellbeing; help with work related problems and challenges; help with coping through organisational change; help with career decisions; help with personal and family challenges; help with depression and anxiety, and general 'non-clinical' counselling.
My Intentional Counselling practice is for people who want: to increase their mental health and wellbeing; help with work related problems and challenges; help with coping through organisational change; help with career decisions; help with personal and family challenges; help with depression and anxiety, and general 'non-clinical' counselling.
(02) 9100 0269 View (02) 9100 0269
Photo of Helen Brennan, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Helen Brennan
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Caringbah, NSW 2229
I am a warm and down-to-earth psychologist with a passion for working with clients to create the life they want to live. I bring a non-judgmental, supportive approach and a genuine care and respect for each client and the life experiences they bring to therapy. Drawing from current evidence-based practices, I work with clients to understand their specific goals, be it growth, healing, adjustment or other, and adapt the therapeutic support, strategies and tools to best meet their goals and make meaningful and lasting changes in their lives. My work focuses mainly with adults, including older adults, couples and families.
I am a warm and down-to-earth psychologist with a passion for working with clients to create the life they want to live. I bring a non-judgmental, supportive approach and a genuine care and respect for each client and the life experiences they bring to therapy. Drawing from current evidence-based practices, I work with clients to understand their specific goals, be it growth, healing, adjustment or other, and adapt the therapeutic support, strategies and tools to best meet their goals and make meaningful and lasting changes in their lives. My work focuses mainly with adults, including older adults, couples and families.
(02) 9538 7948 View (02) 9538 7948
Photo of Chantelle Martyn, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Chantelle Martyn
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Randwick, NSW 2031
I am a Clinical Psychologist at Support Space Psychology in Randwick and Castle Hill. While I have experience in treating a wide range of mental health difficulties, my main passion is helping those suffering from anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. This interest was reflected in my research at both an undergraduate and postgraduate level and further developed while working at the Anxiety Treatment and Research Unit at Cumberland Hospital.
I am a Clinical Psychologist at Support Space Psychology in Randwick and Castle Hill. While I have experience in treating a wide range of mental health difficulties, my main passion is helping those suffering from anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. This interest was reflected in my research at both an undergraduate and postgraduate level and further developed while working at the Anxiety Treatment and Research Unit at Cumberland Hospital.
(02) 9100 0294 View (02) 9100 0294
Photo of Eva M Fera, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Eva M Fera
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Sydney, NSW 2000
I am a Fellow and clinical supervisor of both the Australian Psychological Society’s Colleges of Clinical Psychologists and Health Psychologists. I have completed training in Clinical Hypnotherapy, Nutritional Medicine in Mental Health, and Neurofeedback, and have 25 years of clinical experience in public, medical, and private settings. My therapeutic approach is goal-oriented and employs biopsychosocial strategies to hasten your recovery. Your therapy is designed for your unique needs, based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and utilising a variety of other modalities as required
I am a Fellow and clinical supervisor of both the Australian Psychological Society’s Colleges of Clinical Psychologists and Health Psychologists. I have completed training in Clinical Hypnotherapy, Nutritional Medicine in Mental Health, and Neurofeedback, and have 25 years of clinical experience in public, medical, and private settings. My therapeutic approach is goal-oriented and employs biopsychosocial strategies to hasten your recovery. Your therapy is designed for your unique needs, based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and utilising a variety of other modalities as required
0400 363 390 View 0400 363 390
Photo of Sandra Scott, Psychologist, MAPS
Sandra Scott
Psychologist, MAPS
Serves Area
With a wide knowledge and 20 years clinical experience I use evidence-based therapies personalised to your treatment goals. I work with clients of all ages on all manner of complex concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, troubled relationships, grief, loss & infertility. I provide psychological assessment and diagnostic services to those seeking to understand the nuances of ADHD, ASD, LD (dyslexia) and other developmental difficulties. My specialised training in mind body connection, hypnosis and nutrition complements treatment for those seeking a holistic approach.
With a wide knowledge and 20 years clinical experience I use evidence-based therapies personalised to your treatment goals. I work with clients of all ages on all manner of complex concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, troubled relationships, grief, loss & infertility. I provide psychological assessment and diagnostic services to those seeking to understand the nuances of ADHD, ASD, LD (dyslexia) and other developmental difficulties. My specialised training in mind body connection, hypnosis and nutrition complements treatment for those seeking a holistic approach.
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Photo of Sharyn Renshaw, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sharyn Renshaw
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Parramatta, NSW 2150
Life can present many challenges and can sometimes bring exposure to unexpected events with profound impact and ongoing echoes. In my 30 years of practice as a psychologist I have held a passion for supporting individuals attempting to traverse life’s difficulties with particular attention to those who have experienced trauma. Trauma comes in many forms and from many sources and its impact and pathway toward healing is as individual as the person making this journey. I am experienced working with individuals with PTSD including Emergency Service Personnel.
Life can present many challenges and can sometimes bring exposure to unexpected events with profound impact and ongoing echoes. In my 30 years of practice as a psychologist I have held a passion for supporting individuals attempting to traverse life’s difficulties with particular attention to those who have experienced trauma. Trauma comes in many forms and from many sources and its impact and pathway toward healing is as individual as the person making this journey. I am experienced working with individuals with PTSD including Emergency Service Personnel.
(02) 7804 4259 View (02) 7804 4259
Photo of Sylvia Suwan, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Sylvia Suwan
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Rodd Point, NSW 2046
I work with individuals experiencing relationship issues, breakups, separation, or divorce. My approach is person-centred, holistic, and non-judgmental, creating a space where you feel safe, understood and supported. I draw on CBT, IFS, solution-focused, somatic, and trauma-informed therapies. Having personally navigated similar challenges, I offer both lived experience and clinical insight. To ensure we’re a good fit, I offer a complimentary 45-minute initial consultation. This gives us the opportunity to connect, explore your needs, and determine whether working together feels right.
I work with individuals experiencing relationship issues, breakups, separation, or divorce. My approach is person-centred, holistic, and non-judgmental, creating a space where you feel safe, understood and supported. I draw on CBT, IFS, solution-focused, somatic, and trauma-informed therapies. Having personally navigated similar challenges, I offer both lived experience and clinical insight. To ensure we’re a good fit, I offer a complimentary 45-minute initial consultation. This gives us the opportunity to connect, explore your needs, and determine whether working together feels right.
(02) 8403 1472 View (02) 8403 1472
Photo of Carlie Pottington, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Carlie Pottington
Psychotherapist, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000
We all have our reasons for seeking therapy—maybe you’re feeling stuck, lonely, or need a bit of direction in life. Whatever your reason, know that it comes from a desire to make a change and improve the aspects of your life that no longer serve you. Taking that first step to reach out can be a little scary, but it’s also an incredible display of courage. I genuinely believe everyone wants to be heard, seen, and accepted just as they are. Therapy offers a welcoming space to find acceptance and lead a more fulfilling life.
We all have our reasons for seeking therapy—maybe you’re feeling stuck, lonely, or need a bit of direction in life. Whatever your reason, know that it comes from a desire to make a change and improve the aspects of your life that no longer serve you. Taking that first step to reach out can be a little scary, but it’s also an incredible display of courage. I genuinely believe everyone wants to be heard, seen, and accepted just as they are. Therapy offers a welcoming space to find acceptance and lead a more fulfilling life.
0452 051 798 View 0452 051 798

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 2211

10+

Average cost per session

$140

Counsellors in 2211 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Stress
80% Relationship Issues
80% Depression
70% Grief
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Medicare Rebates
60% Medibank Private
40% Bupa

How Counsellors in 2211 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 2211?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.