Photo of Matti Lee, MSc, PACFA, Counsellor
Matti Lee
Counsellor, MSc, PACFA
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
"Feeling stuck?" - This is one of the most common expression for counselling clients. Innerhealth Practice has been helping clients to explore options and exercise solutions in difficult situations. I am passionate about improving health and maintaining harmonious life balance. Life is filled with challenges and joy. If you would like to try a new way of coping, you might prefer working with someone who has been professionally trained in counselling combined with the practical experience. Look no further, make a call today and be in charge of your issue. Nationally Registered & Accredited services by PACFA and ACA.
"Feeling stuck?" - This is one of the most common expression for counselling clients. Innerhealth Practice has been helping clients to explore options and exercise solutions in difficult situations. I am passionate about improving health and maintaining harmonious life balance. Life is filled with challenges and joy. If you would like to try a new way of coping, you might prefer working with someone who has been professionally trained in counselling combined with the practical experience. Look no further, make a call today and be in charge of your issue. Nationally Registered & Accredited services by PACFA and ACA.
(02) 8294 8741 View (02) 8294 8741
Photo of Cynthia Nathan - 3R Counselling, ACA-L1, Counsellor
3R Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
Hello everyone! I'm Cynthia Nathan, Relationship Counsellor and Marriage & Relationship Educator. I specialise in Pre-Marriage Education Counselling (ME-WE), Bringing Baby Home a Transition to Parenthood Program (WE-US) and Couples Counselling - Couples Check Up's to enrich, enhance and heal marriages. I am a qualified Relationship Counsellor with many years of experience in the field and I combine the many methods I'm qualified in such as Gottmans, EFT by Sue Johnson and PrepareEnrich by David Olson to provide the very best to my clients. My sessions are unique as it is therapy with education to really help couples grow and thrive.
Hello everyone! I'm Cynthia Nathan, Relationship Counsellor and Marriage & Relationship Educator. I specialise in Pre-Marriage Education Counselling (ME-WE), Bringing Baby Home a Transition to Parenthood Program (WE-US) and Couples Counselling - Couples Check Up's to enrich, enhance and heal marriages. I am a qualified Relationship Counsellor with many years of experience in the field and I combine the many methods I'm qualified in such as Gottmans, EFT by Sue Johnson and PrepareEnrich by David Olson to provide the very best to my clients. My sessions are unique as it is therapy with education to really help couples grow and thrive.
(02) 7804 4105 View (02) 7804 4105
Photo of Fiona Tung, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Fiona Tung
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
Fiona Tung is a friendly empathic clinical psychologist who supports adolescents & adults with emotional and mental health issues. Issues include anxiety, depression, work/study stress, grief/loss, adjustment difficulties, social and interpersonal problems, trauma PTSD etc..
Fiona Tung is a friendly empathic clinical psychologist who supports adolescents & adults with emotional and mental health issues. Issues include anxiety, depression, work/study stress, grief/loss, adjustment difficulties, social and interpersonal problems, trauma PTSD etc..
(02) 7804 4275 View (02) 7804 4275
Photo of Edvard Miler, MC, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Edvard Miler
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
Feeling anxious or depressed? Are you experiencing burnout at work? Are you going through some tough times in your marriage or relationship? Do you have issues with your faith that are leaving you with an overwhelming sense of guilt and shame? Are you going through grief and loss? Do you feel lost and are in need of some form of guidance? Do you need professional supervision? If your answer is "yes" to any of these questions, you have come to the right place.
Feeling anxious or depressed? Are you experiencing burnout at work? Are you going through some tough times in your marriage or relationship? Do you have issues with your faith that are leaving you with an overwhelming sense of guilt and shame? Are you going through grief and loss? Do you feel lost and are in need of some form of guidance? Do you need professional supervision? If your answer is "yes" to any of these questions, you have come to the right place.
(02) 7804 4429 View (02) 7804 4429
Photo of Dana Mitrovic, MPsych, MACPA, Psychologist
Dana Mitrovic
Psychologist, MPsych, MACPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Epping, NSW 2121
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is one who is experiencing difficulties in their life and seeking support in working through this. I work with clients from a large range of mental health presentations. I have a strong focus on the development of our adult selves through our early developmental experiences and working toward changing unhelpful patterns in your life to create a better present and future.
My ideal client is one who is experiencing difficulties in their life and seeking support in working through this. I work with clients from a large range of mental health presentations. I have a strong focus on the development of our adult selves through our early developmental experiences and working toward changing unhelpful patterns in your life to create a better present and future.
(02) 9630 0451 View (02) 9630 0451
Photo of Peter Foster, PACFA, Counsellor
Peter Foster
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
I provide counselling to individuals, couples and families at my consulting room in Hornsby, online by Zoom or telephone, or by visiting clients in their homes or other preferred locations within 30 minutes driving time from Hornsby.
I provide counselling to individuals, couples and families at my consulting room in Hornsby, online by Zoom or telephone, or by visiting clients in their homes or other preferred locations within 30 minutes driving time from Hornsby.
(02) 6189 2714 View (02) 6189 2714
Photo of Michelle Thomas - The Counselling Collective, PACFA, Counsellor
The Counselling Collective
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
Providing a safe place to share, discuss and work through those times where daily life feels difficult, coping with the day to day tasks becomes overwhelming, school, family, relationship issues become too much; bullying, peer pressure, friendship groups, sexting, screen time/gaming issues take over; questions around identity, transitions/transitioning through school, university, work has a sense of hopelessness and helplessness; family life family relationships, managing young children, teenagers, adolescents, young adults, and parenting in general simply becomes too much.
Providing a safe place to share, discuss and work through those times where daily life feels difficult, coping with the day to day tasks becomes overwhelming, school, family, relationship issues become too much; bullying, peer pressure, friendship groups, sexting, screen time/gaming issues take over; questions around identity, transitions/transitioning through school, university, work has a sense of hopelessness and helplessness; family life family relationships, managing young children, teenagers, adolescents, young adults, and parenting in general simply becomes too much.
(02) 7804 4067 View (02) 7804 4067
Photo of Bee Sagar, PACFA, Counsellor
Bee Sagar
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Epping, NSW 2121
I believe that therapy is a necessity for every individual, regardless of their age, gender, or circumstances. Everybody has a story, and every story needs to be heard by a willing ear, understood with no judgement, shared in a safe environment, and respected. I aim to deliver a positive outcome for individuals, allowing them to further better their lives today, tomorrow and in their futures using a holistic and person-centred approach. I help my patients in building self-awareness, confidence, and understanding and empowering them to regain control of their lives, allowing positive choices, providing a sense of direction.
I believe that therapy is a necessity for every individual, regardless of their age, gender, or circumstances. Everybody has a story, and every story needs to be heard by a willing ear, understood with no judgement, shared in a safe environment, and respected. I aim to deliver a positive outcome for individuals, allowing them to further better their lives today, tomorrow and in their futures using a holistic and person-centred approach. I help my patients in building self-awareness, confidence, and understanding and empowering them to regain control of their lives, allowing positive choices, providing a sense of direction.
(02) 8403 1541 View (02) 8403 1541
Photo of Jane French, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jane French
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
As an experienced couples’ counsellor, I know that relationships which used to be safe and life giving can start to feel destructive. Attempts at solutions can end up, counter productively, increasing pain and it can eventually feel frightening to try and sort things out without a third person present. My small private practice specifically focuses on relationship counselling where both individuals are willing and able to attend. My hope is to support people who are feeling stuck and discouraged, to find ways out of patterns that are not working and into different ways of connecting that are healing for them.
As an experienced couples’ counsellor, I know that relationships which used to be safe and life giving can start to feel destructive. Attempts at solutions can end up, counter productively, increasing pain and it can eventually feel frightening to try and sort things out without a third person present. My small private practice specifically focuses on relationship counselling where both individuals are willing and able to attend. My hope is to support people who are feeling stuck and discouraged, to find ways out of patterns that are not working and into different ways of connecting that are healing for them.
(02) 8403 1605 View (02) 8403 1605
Photo of Ronald Hoang - Ronald Hoang Marriage Counselling & Family Therapy, PACFA, Counsellor
Ronald Hoang Marriage Counselling & Family Therapy
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Epping, NSW 2121
Are you struggling with your relationship? Having issues with: communication as you don’t feel like you’re on the same page, conflict resolution - as nothing seems to get resolved, feel like you’ve lost the intimacy and closeness, and you no longer trust one another, are you struggling with sex, finances, house responsibilities, parenting or in-laws? You've tried everything you can think of, but nothing seems to change. The love is still there and you want the relationship to work, you're just not sure how to go about it.
Are you struggling with your relationship? Having issues with: communication as you don’t feel like you’re on the same page, conflict resolution - as nothing seems to get resolved, feel like you’ve lost the intimacy and closeness, and you no longer trust one another, are you struggling with sex, finances, house responsibilities, parenting or in-laws? You've tried everything you can think of, but nothing seems to change. The love is still there and you want the relationship to work, you're just not sure how to go about it.
(02) 7804 4430 View (02) 7804 4430
Photo of Brenda Felix, MC, Counsellor
Brenda Felix
Counsellor, MC
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
Brenda enjoys working with adults, young people and families in different settings. Her lived experience in supporting people with mental health issues and physical disabilities has contributed to her empathic, non-judgmental and respectful aptitudes. Her passion is to empower and give hope to people who are facing their unique stressful life events, such as life transition, relationship issues, developmental injuries, parenting, grief and loss, abuse, trauma and anxiety.
Brenda enjoys working with adults, young people and families in different settings. Her lived experience in supporting people with mental health issues and physical disabilities has contributed to her empathic, non-judgmental and respectful aptitudes. Her passion is to empower and give hope to people who are facing their unique stressful life events, such as life transition, relationship issues, developmental injuries, parenting, grief and loss, abuse, trauma and anxiety.
(02) 7804 4765 View (02) 7804 4765
Photo of Cynthia Catts, AThR, Psychotherapist
Cynthia Catts
Psychotherapist, AThR
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
I take great pleasure in working with clients who are open to exploring their issues and challenges, uncovering their strengths, and fostering insight and growth through creative ventures. It's worth mentioning that no art experience or skills are required for clients to derive benefits. Each person is nurtured in a supportive environment to find their creative path. However, a willingness to engage in the creative process is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach.
I take great pleasure in working with clients who are open to exploring their issues and challenges, uncovering their strengths, and fostering insight and growth through creative ventures. It's worth mentioning that no art experience or skills are required for clients to derive benefits. Each person is nurtured in a supportive environment to find their creative path. However, a willingness to engage in the creative process is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach.
(02) 8403 2858 View (02) 8403 2858
Photo of Katalin Janssens, MA, ACA-L2, Psychotherapist
Katalin Janssens
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Epping, NSW 2121
My professional mission is to assist clients at various stages in life, especially when changes are hard to deal with. When we experience a loss, we grieve. We grieve for losing our jobs, loved ones, relationships, finances, or identity. I bring comprehensive knowledge of therapeutic techniques to my practice and a deep empathy from my own experiences with losses. By guiding individuals through the seemingly insurmountable pain, I empower them to navigate their grief with resilience and courage. My therapeutic approach helps clients handle their suffering and find growth opportunities as they courageously rebuild their lives.
My professional mission is to assist clients at various stages in life, especially when changes are hard to deal with. When we experience a loss, we grieve. We grieve for losing our jobs, loved ones, relationships, finances, or identity. I bring comprehensive knowledge of therapeutic techniques to my practice and a deep empathy from my own experiences with losses. By guiding individuals through the seemingly insurmountable pain, I empower them to navigate their grief with resilience and courage. My therapeutic approach helps clients handle their suffering and find growth opportunities as they courageously rebuild their lives.
(02) 9630 0451 View (02) 9630 0451
Photo of Stacey Admiraal, MA, ACA-L4, Psychotherapist
Stacey Admiraal
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Epping, NSW 2121
As a clinical psychotherapist/clinical counsellor/clinical supervisor, I keep it real! Practical support for adults, couples, children, families to facilitate healing and growth via raising their awareness of behaviours, feelings and thoughts which may impact their ability to function within the world, and experiment with new ways Clients often are surprised how calm and nurturing our environment is at Lifesort, which assists to support feeling safe to explore challenges such as trauma & abuse, domestic violence, relationship issues, parenting struggles, mental health, identity crisis, life transitions and spiritual emergencies...
As a clinical psychotherapist/clinical counsellor/clinical supervisor, I keep it real! Practical support for adults, couples, children, families to facilitate healing and growth via raising their awareness of behaviours, feelings and thoughts which may impact their ability to function within the world, and experiment with new ways Clients often are surprised how calm and nurturing our environment is at Lifesort, which assists to support feeling safe to explore challenges such as trauma & abuse, domestic violence, relationship issues, parenting struggles, mental health, identity crisis, life transitions and spiritual emergencies...
(02) 7804 4995 View (02) 7804 4995
Photo of Kara Choi, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Kara Choi
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121  (Online Only)
I work with adults (18+) and couples wanting to improve their mood/anxiety, relationships, and for those wanting to understand and change how their history continues to shape their relational patterns today. This may be particularly pertinent during the perinatal period (during pregnancy and postpartum). I also work with couples to understand how and where you both get caught in conflict and disconnection, explore the deeper needs and emotions underneath the surface-level frustration, and to learn new ways to communicate with each other effectively so you both feel heard and connected.
I work with adults (18+) and couples wanting to improve their mood/anxiety, relationships, and for those wanting to understand and change how their history continues to shape their relational patterns today. This may be particularly pertinent during the perinatal period (during pregnancy and postpartum). I also work with couples to understand how and where you both get caught in conflict and disconnection, explore the deeper needs and emotions underneath the surface-level frustration, and to learn new ways to communicate with each other effectively so you both feel heard and connected.
View
Photo of Erin Chan- Individual Couple And Family Counselling, MSc, PACFA, Counsellor
Erin Chan- Individual Couple And Family Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, PACFA
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
My approach is straightforward, helping you make sense of your experience, explore on coping mechanisms and restore confidence in your life, with evidence-based well-being tools, to better manage in those difficult situations. My goal is to journey together with you until you can take charge effectively! Sometimes with 1 session! With my guidance, you can grow confidently alongside with life issues without escaping from them nor being affected by them. If you are feeling anxious, depressed, stressed or unsatisfied with your relationship or feeling unhappy/sad/angry frequently, I’m here to help. Book a 15-min intro call to start
My approach is straightforward, helping you make sense of your experience, explore on coping mechanisms and restore confidence in your life, with evidence-based well-being tools, to better manage in those difficult situations. My goal is to journey together with you until you can take charge effectively! Sometimes with 1 session! With my guidance, you can grow confidently alongside with life issues without escaping from them nor being affected by them. If you are feeling anxious, depressed, stressed or unsatisfied with your relationship or feeling unhappy/sad/angry frequently, I’m here to help. Book a 15-min intro call to start
(02) 8503 4490 View (02) 8503 4490
Photo of Smita Saxena, PsyBA Prov, Psychologist
Smita Saxena
Psychologist, PsyBA Prov
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
Life is filled with challenges and tribulations but a little guidance can help to point you in the right direction. Smita is a registered Provisional Psychologist with AHPRA and an associated member of the APS. Smita holds an M.Phil ( Master of Philosophy) degree in Medical and Social Psychology, a Master's Degree in Applied and Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor's in Psychology and Education. She also obtained a year of training in epidemiology and genetics from the University of Pittsburgh, USA. She has also completed Counselling children course from ACS Australia.
Life is filled with challenges and tribulations but a little guidance can help to point you in the right direction. Smita is a registered Provisional Psychologist with AHPRA and an associated member of the APS. Smita holds an M.Phil ( Master of Philosophy) degree in Medical and Social Psychology, a Master's Degree in Applied and Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor's in Psychology and Education. She also obtained a year of training in epidemiology and genetics from the University of Pittsburgh, USA. She has also completed Counselling children course from ACS Australia.
(02) 8403 0760 View (02) 8403 0760
Photo of Ray Wondal, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Ray Wondal
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
If you are struggling and don't know how to get back to your authentic self, you are not alone. We all need to be taken care of. If we grow up without this care, as adults we may feel flat and unmotivated, we may find it difficult to make friends, we may struggle to understand and process our emotions, and we may forget to take care of ourselves because we feel unimportant. I provide a space for you to express your suffering so that you can learn to overcome it.
If you are struggling and don't know how to get back to your authentic self, you are not alone. We all need to be taken care of. If we grow up without this care, as adults we may feel flat and unmotivated, we may find it difficult to make friends, we may struggle to understand and process our emotions, and we may forget to take care of ourselves because we feel unimportant. I provide a space for you to express your suffering so that you can learn to overcome it.
(02) 8403 2405 View (02) 8403 2405
Photo of Agnes Ka Yan Ip, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Agnes Ka Yan Ip
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
I am trained as a clinical psychologist in Hong Kong, with experience in treating depression and anxiety, as well as supporting those who are suffering from relationhship problems, work or study stress, life transitions, grief and loss, insomnia, chronic pain, and issues related to self-image and childhood experiences.
I am trained as a clinical psychologist in Hong Kong, with experience in treating depression and anxiety, as well as supporting those who are suffering from relationhship problems, work or study stress, life transitions, grief and loss, insomnia, chronic pain, and issues related to self-image and childhood experiences.
(02) 9909 6145 View (02) 9909 6145
Photo of Katherine Gambell, PACFA, Counsellor
Katherine Gambell
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Epping, NSW 2121
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking for someone to process life's issues with? Perhaps you have experienced trauma, abuse, domestic violence, relationship difficulties, grief, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts or other issues that you keep you stuck. Are you looking for someone who will walk with you on the journey and seek to really understand you? Maybe you are looking for some deeper understanding of what is going on, some goals to aim for, or some tools to help you along the way? Maybe you just need someone to listen?
Are you looking for someone to process life's issues with? Perhaps you have experienced trauma, abuse, domestic violence, relationship difficulties, grief, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts or other issues that you keep you stuck. Are you looking for someone who will walk with you on the journey and seek to really understand you? Maybe you are looking for some deeper understanding of what is going on, some goals to aim for, or some tools to help you along the way? Maybe you just need someone to listen?
(02) 8294 9321 View (02) 8294 9321
1

See more therapy options for 2121

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 2121

40+

Average cost per session

$165

Counsellors in 2121 who prioritize treating:

83% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
80% Depression
78% Stress
72% Self Esteem
72% Life Transitions
67% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Bupa
65% Medicare Rebates
59% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in 2121 see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 2121?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.