Many parents, when they hear the word "therapy," get a mental image of a Woody Allen-type character spending countless years on a therapist's couch with little or no improvement in his original problem. Let's face it: traditional "talk therapy" that takes many years with scant results has gotten a bad name. When parents hear "family therapy," they think it is another kind of infinite therapy. This is the first misconception about family therapy.
From its very beginnings, family therapy has been "brief therapy." This is what attracted me to family therapy in the first place. Twenty years ago, when I was a play therapist, I began looking for a way to produce change more quickly in my little patients. My search led me to a workshop by master family therapist Jay Haley, who said that the average number of sessions required to resolve a child's problem was seven. A seven-session cure, I thought. Then and there, I knew that I had found what I was looking for. This was not traditional individual therapy that could take forever. This was therapy that quickly resolved the problem and let the child move on. A few months after the workshop, I was on a plane to Washington, D.C. to learn family therapy from Jay at his Family Therapy Institute.
Family therapy is brief therapy.
Many parents believe that a family therapist is going to blame them for their child's problem. Why else would the therapist want to include parents in their child's therapy? Parents of a child who is having problems already feel terrible. They don't want to feel even worse by having a therapist point the finger at them or label them "dysfunctional." No wonder parents want to head for the hills when they think about calling a family therapist. This is the second misconception about family therapy.
One of the most basic notions in family therapy is the concept of "joining." "Joining" means that the therapist respects and listens carefully to each and every member of the family. The therapist may ask parents to change certain aspects of their parenting, such as being consistent about rules and consequences. We may recommend that parents alter particular aspects of their communication with one another, such as not arguing or yelling in front of their child. But family therapists are very aware that we must have a good relationship not only with the child in treatment but with the child's parents as well in order to be effective.
Family therapists work collaboratively with parents as a team.
Most people think that family therapy means having the entire family in the room for every session. The very thought of this would present most parents with a scheduling nightmare. These days, it's difficult enough to get the whole family to sit down at the dinner table once a week---much less get them all in a therapist's office at the same time. This is the third misconception about family therapy.
Although some early family therapists, like Virginia Satir and Mara Selvini Palazzoli, found it useful to see the entire family in family therapy sessions, I don't usually work that way. Typically, I start out by seeing both parents together with their child in the first session, and work with the parents alone after that. Sometimes I work only with the parents and never see the child at all. In the case of a teenager, I might see a mother and daughter or a father and son, or a teenager with a sibling. Then again, when an older child or teenager has a particular kind of problem such as anxiety or panic attacks, I might see the teen alone for a couple of sessions.
Family therapists are flexible and work in whatever way makes sense with each individual family.
Some parents have found in their own experience that therapy is ineffectual. Years of talking about their feelings in a therapist's office did not help their depression or their anxiety or panic attacks.They finally started to feel better only after taking anti-depressants or anti-anxiety medication. Since therapy was not effective with their own problems, why would therapy help their child? This is the fourth misconception about family therapy.
Family therapy is quite different from individual talk therapy. The family therapist works with the awareness that each human being is not merely an individual, but is also a part of many social groups or social systems. A child's behavior is influenced by the people in his social groups: most importantly, his parents and siblings. Other important people in the child's social environment are teachers and friends. We do not, of course, deny the importance of a child's temperament. It is just a question of where we focus in order to achieve the fastest change.
Rather than looking for the sources of a problem within the child's individual psyche, the family therapist looks at the child's social context. A child can be worried and distracted because her father has been laid off from his job. A boy can hit and kick other children because he overhears his parents having loud arguments. A girl can be failing at school because her brother is failing in life. To most people these events may seem disconnected. But to a family therapist they are interwoven with invisible threads. By making carefully targeted changes in the child's social context, the family therapist can be very effective at resolving a child's troubled feelings or behavior.
Family therapy is effective therapy because it harnesses the power of the family to heal itself.
Marilyn Wedge's book on family therapy solutions for children, Suffer the Children: The Case against Labeling and Medicating and an Effective Alternative, is now available at bookstores.
