Sex at Dawn

Exploring the evolutionary origins of modern sexuality.

Megan McArdle Really Hates Sex at Dawn

Some people feel so personally threatened by the very idea of Sex at Dawn that they don't give a damn about "so-called evidence" (they assume we're making it all up anyway). Normally, they won't even let us explain what the book's about, so certain are they that it's nothing but poppycock. Some of these people write for major magazines. Read More

I admit it

I admit that I am one of the people who feels very personally threatened by many of the things you have written. I feel it's very disillusioning.

I can't really argue with your research and theories, because they do make good sense, I just feel so sad when I read about how you and many others claim humans "can't" truly love and devote themselves to just *one* special someone.

I am not saying that there is not good research pointing toward your conclusions that we may not be monogamous by nature. (I've been tempted to cheat before and I know just what you mean, lol.) It is true that we have sexual urges built into our "programming". But I also think that is just one level of truth.

I think that the interesting thing about human nature is its duality. We are very complex beings, and don't we often have inner conflicts over everything in life? Love is no exception. Couldn't we be selling ourselves short by empowering our impulses, and never committing to a loving relationship? Maybe I'm speaking for myself but I know I'd take many anniversaries over many steamy hookups any day.

If you want to save money, you fight the urge to spend money frivolously (but of course the urge is there). If you want to do great in work or school, you fight the urge to procrastinate and shirk responsibilities (but of course the urge is there). If you want to have a sexy body, you fight the urge to eat sweets and junk food (but of course the urge is there). I take it you see where I'm going with this...

I believe it simply comes down to the difference between instant gratification and long-term satisfaction. The classic old dilemma. I am still rooting for monogamy! I think it's so invaluable precisely *because* it takes discipline and love and commitment. Nothing worth having comes easily.

Maybe I'm just old-fashioned :)
What do you think Mr. Ryan?

I don't think he's saying

I don't think he's saying that monogamy should be avoided, or it's "bad." I think the dilemma you have with valuing monogamy so much due to the "old fashioned" nothing-comes-easily-worth-having attitude is just that. One attitude in a multitude of other attitudes about things. Sex, with all it's greatness, and necessity for life on this planet has the power in our "old fashioned" society to break hearts.

Back to being human, our complexities give us the wondrous ability to fall in love, with just that one single soul mate. Which is completely awesome. Falling in love is one of my favorite things to do on this planet. We find ourselves unique to all other mammals because of that. But when the 7 year itch hits us like a ton of bricks, you look at that and all your anniversaries and what the book is merely acknowledging is just that urge and the actions sex 'out of monogamy' (the novel sexual experience) provokes is quite real and quite evident - right there in our DNA. After all, we are just big apes, right?

BUT LONG TERM SATISFACTION MAY MEAN SOMETHING DIFFERENT

to different people. Some of us can prolifically save money, hold down jobs, work toward higher education, etc, but fail in this area. There are others who many not be able to hold down a job, save money or become more education, but they can be sexually faithful for a lifetime! Some of us just value different things. I would rather deal with an affair than have a husband steal all my money, which to me, being in older age, loss of money would be far more devestating to overcome than an affair. But some people would rather deal with no money than ever have an affair. Different values at work here, and no one ever comes out perfect in all areas of life. It is not an issue of instant gratification versus long-term satisfaction for some of us. Some of us would rather be secure in other areas of life than hang our life satifasfaction on the hook on another's sexual fidelity.

Not about devotion

Jacqueline, I just finished this book today. If you haven't read it, the last couple of chapters are comforting. After all of the evidence, the discussion turns to what we should do with our marriages, which are real and valuable.

I was particularly moved by the criticism of many couples' choice to divorce after an infidelity--just because those are the generally accepted rules in our society. What if we faced the facts about most men's need to add variety to their sex lives and accepted that a healthy marriage and family can withstand that? It's hard to think about casual infidelity (I'm married, and it is not an open marriage), but it is really best to break up a family if the "cheating" is strictly about sex and not intamcy? I'm thinking about it tonight.

I've been thinking about this much longer

It seems to me suspect that a popular science book has made suggestions about people's personal lives. Perhaps the authors are trying to justify what has went on in their own marriages? It seems pretty darn common sense to me that infidelity is a function of something lacking in a marriage- or a partner or both- and not of our ancient ancestral tendency to spread the seed and seek out the best possible male. It's also part of our primal tendencies to be accustomed to living in nature, we are *actually* adapted to lacking running water, consumption by predators, our childrean eaten by raptors, walking long distances on foot and our bodies retaining nutrients as fat stores to handle food deprivation. These things are part of who we are too.

Does that mean that we aren't more comfortable and happier today? We definitely are.

Further...

There certainly are some gaping holes in this book which cherry picks random facts and juxtaposes them (as evolutionary PSYCHOLOGY does as the diffuse, eclectic, theorizing non-hard science field that it is) to further an agenda. Yes, jealousy (which has evolved to be much more consistent than monogamous/promiscuous inclinations- everyone gets jealous but fewer are comfortable being promiscuous) IS the major clue here which throws a wrench into the Everybody's Promiscuous really, Yay! theory. BUT. Also it ignores the theorizing over the possibility of pair-bonding (a pressure on which evolution would act to create more jealousy) motivating higher brain functions. In other words, some scientists theorize that a pressure working on bipedalism was smaller or pair-bonded family structures, which in turn led to bigger (comparative) brains and more complex frontal brain functions.

Further...

There certainly are some gaping holes in this book which cherry picks random facts and juxtaposes them (as evolutionary PSYCHOLOGY does as the diffuse, eclectic, theorizing non-hard science field that it is) to further an agenda. Yes, jealousy (which has evolved to be much more consistent than monogamous/promiscuous inclinations- everyone gets jealous but fewer are comfortable being promiscuous) IS the major clue here which throws a wrench into the Everybody's Promiscuous really, Yay! theory. BUT. Also it ignores the theorizing over the possibility of pair-bonding (a pressure on which evolution would act to create more jealousy) motivating higher brain functions. In other words, some scientists theorize that a pressure working on bipedalism was smaller or pair-bonded family structures, which in turn led to bigger (comparative) brains and more complex frontal brain functions.

I'm not one of the people

I'm not one of the people threatened by this. In fact, I was struggling this summer with falling in lust with a new friend-- with someone other than my long-term partner. It was mutual, we talked about it, we both shared that we had never once, in all our lives, been 100% faithful to any of our girl/boyfriends. This was the first time we could. The first time we could TRY to be faithful. So, as much as it hurt, we decided to abstain from enjoying the pleasure of each other.

Then I read this book.

Damn. It helped me know, for a fact, that neither of us were technically feeling anything "wrong." And the fact that we were beating ourselves up over those feelings, well, it was just so frustrating-and unnecessary.

How did this all turn out? Well, now we avoid each other like the plague and it's very sad. I wish there was a way I could tell him about this book. But, every time we see each other, he hyperventilates, and my heart races, and there is no communicating that is worth a damn. I would drop the book off for him, but his fiancée would probably wonder, WTF.

Life is awkward. This book helps.

There is another way

You may want to look at how polyamorous couples (and triads, etc.) handle their feelings. You can have a committed relationship without it being monogamous, lots of people do it, but its not any easier than committed monogamy. Read the wikipedia article on polyamory and listen to the podcast Polyamory Weekly (http://polyweekly.com/). Even if you don't go in that direction, some of the skills that are talked about are useful for all relationships (like keeping the lines of communication open and, my favorite, writing a "User's Manual" for yourself).

Exactly

These poor, long-suffering men, with their overwhelming needs to dip their sticks into whatever comes along, especially into whatever's hotter than their middle-aged wife. I feel so sorry for them. Ha, just kidding- who I really feel sorry for their wives(or girlfriends). I would rather die than be involved with these arrogant close-minded sluts.

Also, your point is wonderful because not only because it points out that the grass is never really greener on the other side, but that it points out one of the many glaring omissions of their (Ryan and the others who write these 'evolutionary PSYCHOLOGY' books against monogamy)- that there are ALREADY alternative lifestyles already there for the taking part in (more power to those communities) and that people are *individuals*, and hence, different genetically and otherwise. Maybe if they knew anything about biology or genetics they'd be more cognizant of this.

The *real* reason this ideology of theirs (Ryan and others) threatens and demoralizes people is not because people are naive and easily threatened- but because it's a clear agenda being put forth: towards a movement to rethink monogamous pair-bonding as the dominant social structure, one of the major stabilizing and moralizing forces of civilized societies everywhere. If this is to fall as the dominant bonding structure, we will see (as is already happening) a major decline in mental health esp that of women, an increase in narcissism and decrease in social consciousness, children with lowered IQs, children with lowered self-esteem, hedonism and moral bankruptcy becoming the norm, etc etc etc. Not a healthy macrocosm of the 'ethical slut' communities but a lack of viable pair bondings as the majority of humans essentially need the expectation of monogamy to be healthy.

Do you know why? Because we are *not* bonobos.

-BA in anthropology and anthro-enthusiast for the last 20 years.

Pair-bonding and nonmonogamy

Pair-bonding and nonmonogamy are not mutually exclusive.

I've been with my wife 6 years now. We've always had an open relationship and it's been great. And NEITHER of us is a man, so it's really not about men's supposed inability to be faithful, haha...

Book

I have not read your book yet, but I intend to start it this weekend. I believe that strong reactions about theories that challlenge social norms are not atypical. History is full of examples of this. And, I also believe that the "monogamy is normal/desired" industry "family values" groups have vested economic interests in discrediting academic works that challenge the status quo.

vested interests

Ain't that the truth! Thanks for writing. Let us know what you think of the book, if you're motivated to do so.

disillusionment and truth

Thanks for taking the time to write, Jacqueline.

I don't think you've read our book have you? I suspect you haven't because the thing that makes you sad is something we don't say. We don't argue that people "can't" truly love and devote themselves to one person for a lifetime. Just last week, my parents celebrated 50 years together. Nobody forced them to share a lifetime with each other. They made the choice and stuck to it, and their lived decision is one of the most beautiful relationships I've ever seen.

We never argue that people cannot make this decision or that it's a bad decision to make. What we argue is that it will be a difficult path, because it conflicts with many of our evolved predispositions. We argue that we are misinformed by cultural and religious teachings that tell us that love makes sexual monogamy easy, and if you find it difficult, there's something wrong with you, or your partner, or your marriage. We argue that people have the right and responsibility to make that choice with a realistic sense of what they're choosing. Never do we say it's a bad choice; just that it's a difficult one that shouldn't be made with misleading information.

The closest we come to such a statement in the book is probably this paragraph, near the end:

“Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing,” observed German philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. “A confusion of the real with the ideal never goes unpunished.” Indeed. By insisting upon an ideal vision of marriage founded upon a lifetime of sexual fidelity to one person—a vision most of us eventually learn is highly unrealistic, we invite punishment upon ourselves, upon each other, and upon our children.

In interviews, I often make the comparison to veganism. It may make sense for you to be a vegan. It may be healthier, more ethical, better financially, and so on. But don't kid yourself; it won't be easy. Barbecue will still smell good. Occasionally, you'll be very, very tempted to go for the pepperoni pizza (especially after a few beers!). Why? Because you're a bad person? Because you're weak and sinful? No, because you're a human being with millions of years of meat-eating built into your being.

That's all we're saying. I admire vegans. I admire my parents. The fact that the path they chose wasn't easy makes me admire them all the more. We're just trying to tell people the truth about why monogamy is difficult for most of us, in the hope that this truth will set them free—free to choose monogamy, if they wish.

Thanks for the reply! I do

Thanks for the reply!

I do hear you on this idea of perfect monogamy being impossible (for most) while simultaneously believing in love and marriage being possible... that's where I get stuck (and I suspect where your critics do too) because despite its rationality, I would never be able to, say, move forward in a relationship after infidelity. What do you do about the jealousy? Do you believe that jealously is ever warranted, or is it a flaw in our nature?

Maybe sexual freedom and a committed relationship are indeed possible, but then again wouldn't coming to complete grips with sexual infidelity as being forgivable in your relationship sting in your heart? Wouldn't jealousy inevitably ensue? I guess what I'm trying to say is IMO, sound reasoning and research for why it makes sense to cheat once in a while does nothing to make it feel any more right to me.

But then again, it could just be my Catholic upbringing talking. LOL that took years to undo. Anyways thanks for your reply, I do always like to keep an open mind to new views. And you're right, I haven't read your book yet (only your blog), but I may give it a look!

Hey, you *have* to read the

Hey, you *have* to read the book, your statement, "why it makes sense to cheat once in a while does nothing to make it feel any more right to me" doesn't make any sense in this context. That's not what the book says at all, and once you read it and see the research on the myriad of subject matter surrounding primate sexuality, then you'll understand.

They are not saying, "it's ok to cheat." That's not at all what this is about.

:) I think you'll enjoy the book.

Jealousy, you can get over it

I'm fond of telling people that they don't have to believe what they think, and they don't have to trust what they feel. Just because I feel angry or envious or jealous doesn't mean I have to give those feelings power and validity. I can use my cognitive skills to assess my emotional state and decide whether or not it is reasonable to act upon my feelings.

Some have found the Practical Jealousy handout to be helpful in learning how to manage feelings of jealousy and insecurity. It involves a great deal of introspection and being honest with yourself about the source of your feelings. It doesn't mean you won't feel jealous, but following some of the exercises they suggest will help you understand the root of those feelings.

For me, understanding my trepidation in allowing my wife to have sex with other people helped me to isolate real concerns from those merely imagined. As a result of examining my feelings in depth, I've reached a point where I no longer have any desire to control who she finds attractive, and what experiences (sexual or not) she has with that person. As long as she's not neglecting her family commitments, what harm is it to me if it provides her with a happier and more fulfilling in life?

Monogamy seems to me to be an agreement of mutual denial - not mutual satisfaction. We're so scared that our partner's attraction to someone else has some Big Meaning™ (perhaps one that threatens to thwart our own goals and desires) that we shut off all thought of extra-marital sexual relationships and strike a Faustian bargain in which we sell our sexual soul so to speak in exchange for the security of knowing our partner has done the same. Some go so far as to prohibit any sexual expression, including pornography consumption and masturbation, so powerful is their fear of What It Means™.

What this book does is attempt to explain why were so unsuccessful at holding to this ideal, why this contract is hard to honor and so often is dissolved. The authors take pains to present their case as descriptive rather than prescriptive. What you do with the insight they provide is entirely up to you.

LoL! I'm digging your TMs!

LoL! I'm digging your TMs!

I don't think you read the blog entry very carefully...

if you can ask "what about... jealousy?". This is because he tells us that the book in question has an entire chapter dedicated to a discussion of jealousy.

If you're going to try to have a serious discussion of a technically difficult subject, you owe it to the others in the discussion to be able to approach the whole thing seriously. Actually read the subject matter with enough attention to detail to be able to participate in a real discussion of the real issues instead of jumping to conclusions and discussing those [erroneous] conclusions instead of the real issues.

Please!

The thing about sex is

If I could actually sit down and talk to my 47 year old wife about wanting to bang the hot 23 year old neighbour next door and my wife said "go for it", then guess what would happen next? I probably wouldn't do it. Why? Because now my wife knows about it, and were is the fun in that. That's the thing about extra-marital sex or sex outside of a relationship, the fun is the sneaking around behind your partner's back, and the thrill of "getting away with it" and not the actual sex itself. And I didn't even need an evolutionary psychology degree or a book about the sex lives of cavemen to figure that one out.

the thing is, at least for

the thing is, at least for me, there is a difference between wanting to bang someone (a stranger?) because they are "hot," versus, forming a close bond with someone other than your partner, and THEN wanting to take it to a physical experience (have sex with them).

It's not getting away with it that's the fun part, it's the actual intercourse with that "other" person. When you don't think of it as "sinful" or "wrong" and you eliminate the societal-imposed guilt, then it changes how you experience these emotions, or urges, I think.

I wanted to bang my neighbor, but only after months of hanging out and having immense sexual tension between us. I told my spouse about it. Do I still want to be with my neighbor on the side every once in a while? Hell yes. Would I? Hell yes. Is it going to happen now that everyone knows? Probably not. But, I'm open to it. Telling my spouse about it helped. He actually said, "I don't blame you, he's hot." See? Honesty.

Anon: "That's the thing about

Anon: "That's the thing about extra-marital sex or sex outside of a relationship, the fun is the sneaking around behind your partner's back ..."

No, that's actually the dreadful part. I've dated multiple partners simultaneously, and I've mostly told them, especially after my early 20's.

Most people aren't the type to enjoy deception. If sneaking around and lying to people you love is the "fun" part, you should be speaking to a therapist.
.

NO KIDDING

Getting a thrill out of controlling the other people to your own advantage is more like it. That has nothing to do with sexuality in itself. It just happens to turn That Guy on. Which I find horrifying. I have no desire to be a member of a bonobo tribe, but I don't mind polys if that's Part of the Deal. Though I have absolutely no evidence for it, I think those who are actually poly and not just making excuses for selfish behavior tend to be a lot more responsible and communicative about sex in their LTRs. That Guy is sick.

The thing is it's against the rules

When my ex-wife and I were first dating we asked one another what the rules for our relationship would be. Seeing as our coupling had been the product of cheating on both sides she said it would be silly of us to demand exclusivity from one another. She said her only rule was that I not tell her what to do. That suited me well as I had never been a jealous guy. I figured I wanted someone who wanted me, so if they felt otherwise then I would appreciate their moving on. So off we went to see where it would lead.

Now I had always had a certain proclivity for sampling what other's had to offer. Somewhat covetous of the other's women, I suppose. Not that I would forgo an unencumbered girl just that it seemed to work out otherwise. Now I've got to say that I was indeed head over heels in love with my future wife and I was very much focused on her. As such, initially I didn't find myself particularly drawn to any illicit sexual activity. As we lived in different cities however, opportunity and distance afforded me some distraction. Oddly I found that while I would be attracted to someone, and go through the motions of the game to determine opportunity, once that potential was affirmed, I lost interest in consummating the deal. The knowledge that I could have it if I wanted it, that this other human being wanted to be with me in an intimate fashion, was satisfying in and of itself.

The fact that I was allowed to do as I pleased removed the need to do so in any given instance. It removed the urgency from the situation. It was no longer a matter of "I better take this opportunity now, while no one is looking, who knows when another might come along?" and replaced it with more of a "Ah, well that would be nice wouldn't it? Perhaps another time." The lack of a restriction in this arena was new to me and made me less opportunistic in such endeavors.

It was years later after a closer relationship had developed and tighter restrictions came to rule the day that I strayed. Unfortunately, my indiscretion poisoned the relationship, and was the eventual demise of the marriage that followed and the 10 years spent together. The difficulty was hardly over sex, albeit that was it's catalyst. The difficulty was about trust. As when I embarked on my short lived affair it was then against the rules so I had to go about it in a dishonest and deceitful way. This broken trust is what the relationship could not endure not the sex itself.

Humans don't like to be in cages and they tend to act out in defiance of them. They want what they can't have. So I understand what is stated above about only wanting to bang the hot neighbor girl if there is "risk" involved, but I disagree with it being about the "risk" itself. I think it is about the cage of monogamy. This "risk" is simply inherent in the act of defiance.

Interestingly, I met my ex-wife (my future wife at the time) while attending a Southern California University. She graduated with degrees in both Biology and Anthropology. Knowing her as I do she would very much appreciate this book and agree fully with it's premise.

Disagree

The thrill caused by sneaking around behind a partner's back varies from person to person, I'd say; for me, the fun WOULD be in actually having sex with a different partner, and not in deceiving my current partner about it. Deception causes a lot of pain for me -- I've done it before -- and I wouldn't sneak around again for that reason. "Getting away with it" feels awful to me, especially with a partner (like my current one) who I value.

I agree with you. I'd rather

I agree with you. I'd rather have it just be open about it. Then again, that takes an enormous amount of trust between two people. That's some serious trust to develop and that takes time.

"I'm not familiar with Ms.

"I'm not familiar with Ms. McArdle's work, but if she's got a gig at The Atlantic, which is one of the most respected magazines in the country, presumably this is far below her usual intellectual standard."

Sadly, it is not. McArdle routinely writes about subjects she clearly has little or no knowledge about. Her writing is consistently lazy, pretentious, and very loose with facts. She rarely researches and most often argues by way of personal anecdotes. She's a flaming, navel-gazing narcissist with no training in journalism and it regularly shows in her work. She's one of the reasons the Atlantic has lost the respect you speak of. There's an entire cottage blog industry that tears her apart on almost a daily basis. I wouldn't take anything she writes seriously. Trust me, this is not the first time she's written reviews about books she's not read or comprehended entirely. Dismiss her. She's not worth your slightest intellectual considerations.

Second this. Ms. McArdle is

Second this. Ms. McArdle is a mental midget at best. I'm not sure how she got and keeps her job. Perhaps she works for free? That is the only reason I could think of for the Atlantic to keep her on.

The Atlantic keeps her on...

...because everything she writes actively defends the established order, and the top 1% of the population that control most of the wealth in this country. That's it, pure and simple. The current owner of the Atlantic, David G. Bradley, is a member of that cohort, and a neoconservative who has taken a once-great magazine, one which published authors like Mark Twain, Julia Ward Howe, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Martin Luther King, and turned it into an apologist rag for the plutocracy, with writers like McArdle and Iraq-war cheerleader Jeffrey Goldberg.

McArdle writes nothing that does not support the entrenched business interests that came close to destroying the economy in 2007-08, and who may get a chance to finish the job if Republicans get back majorities in the House and Senate this year. That's what she gets paid to do. Just remember one thing: Megan McArdle is always wrong, about everything.

Seconded. Jas' comment sums

Seconded. Jas' comment sums it up nicely. She's the Sarah Palin of the centrists.

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Christopher Ryan, Ph.D., is co-author of Sex at Dawn: The Prehistoric Origins of Modern Sexuality (HarperCollins 2010).

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