The last part of the brain to mature its neural networks is the prefrontal cortex, the center of highest thinking and executive functions. This is the part of the brain that is used for judgment, risk-assessment, critical analysis, goal-planning, and conscious decision-making.

Because the prefrontal cortex is not mature in the teen brain and the pleasure-reward center is very active, and not kept in check by executive control, teens' brains guide them to seek pleasure without the ability to judge risk. Young people experience very strong emotions and desires before they are able to consciously use sound decision-making skills. As a result, emotions often override rational thinking-which can contribute to teens making some risky decisions. Read More

The toxic NCLB pressure resulted in teach-to-the test curriculum with its drill-and-kill worksheets and memorization. The cost our children is the loss of the golden opportunity to build on their curiosity and enthusiasm. As early as kindergarten children begin to begrudge their time in school and gradually their brains construct neural circuits for self-stimulation and they are misdiagnosed as ADHD (talking during lectures, drawing pictures instead of doing boring worksheets, fidgeting with change in their pockets or toys hidden in their desks).  Read More

Brain imaging shows what you can do with your child to boost memory for test study. Check out the top ten tips that come from my background as a neurologist and a classroom teacher to cut your child's study time, increase test success, and let you avoid the unpleasant, high-drama of test time. Read More