Ethics for Everyone

Moral wisdom for the modern world.

Is there something wrong with anonymous gamete donation?

Gamete donors usually take their responsibilities too lightly.

What could possibly be wrong with helping an infertile couple have a child? As it turns out, according to contemporary philosopher David Benatar,* anonymous gamete donors are doing something wrong. Why think that this is the case?

First, people are generally responsible for raising the children that result from their gametes. We have reproductive autonomy, which means that we can choose whether or not to reproduce, that we have rights to the children we create, and that we also have responsibilities for them. This autonomy extends over our bodies, including our gametes.

Second, these responsibilities include not only basic care, but also closely attending to the child's development and growth. Parents don't just owe food, shelter, medical care, and some love, but they ought to heavily invest time and energy into the well-being of their children. This is what good parents do. These responsibilities are significant. Gamete donors don't abandon these responsibilities, but they do transfer them to others. And this is where a problem comes into the picture.

The decision made by such donors to transfer their parental responsibilities is almost always done too lightly, and it is wrong to treat such significant responsibilities too lightly. Hence, anonymous gamete donation is almost always done in an immoral manner. This is not "seriously" immoral, according to Benatar, but it is immoral.

The reason Benatar gives for the claim that gamete donors treat their responsibilities too lightly is that in most cases they transfer those responsibilities without knowing the identity or abilities of the individuals who will raise the child. Given that there are so many ways to parent badly, the donors should know something about those who will raise their biological offspring.

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*David Benatar, "The Unbearable Lightness of Bringing ino Being," Journal of Applied Philosophy 16 (1999): 173-180.



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Michael W. Austin, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Eastern Kentucky University.

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