Could we assume that from the onset, females are more concerned with academic standing than males? While self-forgiveness may motivate female students to assume greater responsibility for positive outcomes on exam 2, possibly these students seek the greater correlation between exam performance and procrastination than do males. (Consider, for instance, recent research that casts females in the "folk psychology" generalization and males in the mechanical end of the spectrum.) It could be that the male student predicted better performance despite procrastination due to greater confidence in self and less understanding of the psychological connection between hours of study and exam performance. Or it could be as simple as the fact that males may feel less social pressure to study and more social pressure to socialize than do females, who in our culture are expected to party less, drink less, tend to not participate in as many extracurricular activities such as sports, and may not be expected to maintain a profession as well as attend school. There could be far too many variables to effectively state the gender differences are primarily due to a different take on procrastination.