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Why Does Religion Persist? A Look at Bizarre Ideas, Hypocrisy, and God's Obsession with Sex

As a psychologist, the most interesting questions about religion have nothing to do about whether or not God exists. Instead, I am interested in the benefits, costs, and struggles of people grappling with the confusion and randomness of the human condition. Why do some people turn to religion while others do not? What function does religion serve? What happens when religious convictions are challenged? How well integrated is a person's religion in their everyday life?

What would it take to leave antiquated superstitions behind? Read More

Great Article

Interesting piece and some great points! It seems that depletable willpower might be the key to the persistence of repressive theocracies: societies that can control internal behavior, in addition to visible behavior, are a step ahead when it comes to selling their political messages. This would be especially true when the people are led to believe that they're not answering to their earthly masters but something more supernatural. Sort of the whole "don't blame us, we don't MAKE the rules..." thing. It seems likely that people with reduced capacity for self-regulation would be more apt to buy persuasive rhetoric because their resources are too exhausted to examine information critically.

Conventional religion

Conventional religion "persists" purely because most people are looking for a Daddy to tell them what to do, or what they should want (which amounts to the same thing). People, generally, don't know what they want or don't know what to do. If they know of a something that they want they FEEL undeserving of it because, ulimately, the initial happy feeling of having it passes as the next "want" arrives. And people "do" to get the "want" that quickly passes into a "so what?", and so also what they do beomes a "so what?".
All of this "wanting" and "doing" is merely the brain. The frustration of it all is due to people identifying themselves as the brain. And how do people emotionally strategize them "selves" (brain) out of this "causal" frustration (temporarily and fruitlessly)? Invent a Daddy God (some convention outside themselves) to EMOTE TOWARD of course, which (ultimately), is just a larger conceptual frustrated (usually male) brain. And a brain, so frustrated, creates wants and unwants in the mental forms of "heaven" and "hell". It is dualistic, it is dichotomous, it is conflicted, and it is a "cul-de-sac of futility", or it is "buying into" or "believing in" a "brain generated duality" (A "duality" that is appearance only. That is, only "apparent" to an organ that perceives "Life" 3 Dimensionally. A mere brain function NOT to be necessarilly "believed in" as, if it is, Real).
It is all a childish misunderstanding of the "facts" (Scientific and/or physical impressions, or "proofs").

I don't think you understand

I don't think you understand quotation marks.

I don't think "you"

I don't think "you" understood "my" question marks. Sometimes I use them for emphasis. Sometimes I use them for cliches. Sometimes I use them to represent, more succinctly, a "non-reality" (For example "duality"). "Duality" is a "non-reality" because it is a "condition" of mind rather than mind in its totality. (As you may gather, "condition" isn't real, as "conditions" are an imposition on Real. Just as a "health condition" is an imposition on Health).
"I", "you" and "me" (or "my") aren't Real, because, in Reality, "you" and "I" are actually One in Totality. Not being One is merely a "condition" of mind due to some uneducated acceptance that the brains sensory perceptions are absolute for understanding.
Hope this helps.

Religion and Sex

I think that many religions focus on sex because it is a good way to get people to believe that they are bad in some way and need the help of the priest or rabbi or whomever. Since sexual urges are natural to almost everyone, if a particular religion can convince people that they are wrong in some way, and offer a way to counteract them, (like going to church and paying the priests), then that religion really has it made because it can be a parasite within the population as long as people believe what it says. It would be like if a group of doctors could convince a population that it was unhealthy to urinate more than once a week. They'd be able to offer advice and cures for a fake disease that is incurable. In essence, a priest cannot save you until you believe you need saving.

Yes, our conventional

Yes, our conventional religions find "urges" and "body" icky. We urge to shit just as we urge to sex. Sex, however, is a sronger urge due to our emotional attachment to it. Religion looks to exploit that which it sees as its competition, therefore, religion must see itself as the victor over sex. And "victor" over body, and "victor" over nature, hence "supernature" (or supernatural) concepts or WILD speculations (beliefs).

people can be irrational in name of religion and science

How is the following "scientific" behavior any different?

"Despite a lack of evidence that peer review works, most scientists (by nature a skeptical lot) appear to believe in peer review. It's something that's held "absolutely sacred" in a field where people rarely accept anything with "blind faith," says Richard Smith, former editor of the BMJ and now CEO of UnitedHealth Europe and board member of PLoS. "It's very unscientific, really."

Read more: Is Peer Review Broken? - The Scientist - Magazine of the Life Sciences http://www.the-scientist.com/article/display/23061/#ixzz0qYGGzvz8

So, how long will science persist? ;-)

Your example isn't about

Your example isn't about Science. It is merely an example of the institutional mind-set of particular individuals that play in the science field. The "institutional mind-set" permeates all social, political and academic disciplines. And they are the "mind-sets" that turn Science into an institution. Meanwhile scientists just do their science, but with financial boundaries unless they are "in bed" with financial/political "institutions". And then there are religious institutions.

Sexuality to procreate and

Sexuality to procreate and aggression to survive. At least two human motivators. Supposedly, God created us in his own image. I always pondered what God must have been thinking/feeling. Or was he curiously laughing all the way to the celestial bank? I think humor needs to be thrown in with the mix. If we couldn't laugh at ourselves, I for one, would never have survived. I am not Catholic, but I asked a priest friend about this a long time ago. A super guy, he said all he knew was that God was a loving God, and we are not alone. And we are part of God, and he lives vicariously though us. So I'd get the sex part. Maybe the aggression was to protect our sex partner(s)! I write this tongue in cheek (Hmmm, is this a sex, aggression, and/or humor). All I know is I have been fortunate to have had many surreal experiences, and I can tell you I don't know what God is, but there absolutely is an "other side" or dimension. A universal something.

I would say sex to survive

I would say sex to survive and aggression to compete. And then theres competition to sex and aggressive competition at that. The compulsion to sex is a stress activity which generates stress universally. Religions attempts to control sex is an expression of institutional stress. To transcend sex and stress is to understand it which involves us to be enlightened about it . Not to avoid or control it. That would be stressfull and, therefore, unenlightened.

A very good explanation...

I just wanted to say thank you Special Needs. Your comments are very well explained. I'm sorry but I am not nearly as concise.

I have to agree that religion is more like a made up disease the people are finally seeking the cure from. At one time, it was a comfort. For many, it is still perceived to be but deep down it really becomes a psychosis. Because the whole concept of religion is based purely on fantasy, it can't help but eventually raise doubts in the minds of believers at some point. If not create new ones. Especially when you examine the concept of failed attempts at getting your prayers answered. If your supreme being does not answer your prayers than you are left to worry over what in your life is wrong with you? That often leads you than to certain degrees of paranoia.

Not to mention the fact that you are to believe you are never alone is considered stalking in most Countries around the world. Sort of like Santa Claus. That wonderful marketing giant of a man. "He sees you when you're sleeping. He knows when you're awake. He knows if you've been bad or good so be good, for goodness sake." Again with the accepted concept that if you are caught doing something bad, maybe you won't get what you really wanted.

Of course, there is always the art of deception, right? If prayer and being good gets you nothing that you want, why not try deception? It worked for Lucifer right? Doesn't even Jesus claim that many will be seeking him and calling his name but he will claim that he never knew you? Of course he will do this after you die so you do not get a chance to ask for forgiveness or to make amends at this point in the game. No guarantees in religion. Just perceived ones that may in the end never come to fruition.

Well, at least when it comes to Santa Claus, if your caregiver or other concerned parties feel guilty or generous enough you may get that gift you always wanted. Even if you were sort of bad. The odds are that Santa delivers more than anything supernatural ever will. Of course with religion, we can stop in during working hours and it saves us any long distance trip to the North Pole. Yet, nothing in religion is really free. It is going to cost your soul, some of your free time and probably at least some cash if you want it to really pay off for you in getting a spouse, a new best friend or someone to just tell you how badly you are behaving and let Jesus do your suffering for you!

This could feed into the belief that nothing you do is ever really wrong. If you can find some deity to, "wash your sins away", than where does personal responsibility fit into this equation? We witnessed this problem within religions who hid their abusive staff, secretly counseling them, often without professional degree from accredited Colleges, only to continue to offend not only within their easy access Churches but practicing their abusive forms of love on unsuspecting neighbors and family members as well. Violating both the laws of humanity as well as the laws of their deities to do so.

Many people have temporarily walked away from their troubles after a good sermon only to find them sitting on their doorsteps, waiting for them to get home. It would have really been nice if religions really did have real life solutions for everything that ails us. Many of them have offshoots that actually do help people in trouble. Unfortunately, too many of these groups come with guilt strings attached and often grow somewhat resentful if you fail to give them the credit they feel is due to them. No matter how many laws they break while still doing good business.

what?

With all due respect your priest friend should have more Bible knowledge if he is going to be in any church position. If all he knows is that God is a loving God and we are part of God and he lives vicariously through us, then he hasn't read the Bible. There are attributes of God and one is love, but there are many more. God is not just one attribute. God does not live vicariously through mankind, I have no idea where he would ever come up with that. As far as mankind being created in God's image, it is not a human form, male or female. God is a Trinity, mankind is body, mind, spirit, also a trinity. We have an eternal spirit that is like God in the fact it will exist forever. I would think if God is so easy to dismiss and is a crutch to mankind, it would be better to at least investigate and give solid proof that God does not exist. The truth is God cannot be dis-proven. Faith in science may be popular right now but it will not replace faith in God. Science is always changing, we are trying to discover and learn the secrets of our environment, faith in God is trying to discover and learn from the Creator. Since many of our academia are atheist should we be surprised when many of our college graduates believe what they are taught? It isn't a case of ignorance=religious but rather a conforming of students to the acceptable standard of the professors. The Bible does not condemn sex but condones it but limits it to a marriage relationship. If the Bible were followed many of the problems of our "educated" society would disappear. Religion isn't going away because it helps people.

Terrible article

This Todd guy who wrote this--I can't believe he has a PhD. This article was crap. The majority of atheists I have encountered are pissed off and want to prove something. Do the research and write the facts rather than spouting watered down hearsay. I think the most clearly biased and pointless article I've read in a long time.

"Despite scientific facts,

"Despite scientific facts, philosophical arguments against the idea of an omnipotent and omniscient creator, undeniable evidence for Darwin's evolution theory, and ridicule, religion remains the norm."

wow. these comments should deter anyone from giving the rest of the article any credence.

1. science does not disprove religion. science is methodological naturalism. God is supernatural. the supernatural is beyond the purview of science.
2. the philosophical arguments against god are not only outnumbered but also outclassed by the ones for god.
3. universal common descent is neither a scientific fact nor is there a scientific consensus about it. while it retains great explanatory power, it has several problems that seem almost insuperable.

"An idea that cannot be proved or disproved and thus is trite, contrived, and appallingly boring."

God can certainly be proven to exist given an appropriate methodology.

the rest of the article was about suffering. the existence of suffering has been thoroughly explained by many christian thinkers. their writings are readily available. it's disappointing that the author didn't address these perspectives but, sure felt free to criticize something he apparently doesn't understand.

tolerance of uncertainty

Thanks for the comment. Your criticisms are interesting. It is too bad that instead of providing concrete criticism of any of the points in this post you defer to unnamed authorities in Christian thought. let me hit your points in order.

#1- I explicitly mention that science cannot prove or disprove God. you must have missed this point when the first sentence threw you into a tizzy.
#2- what does outclassed mean? Too bad you rely on pejorative labels and categories instead of discourse.
#3- how about naming a problem rather than falling prey to soundbites?
#4- you say that God "can certainly be proven to exist given an appropriate methodology". Do tell. A Nobel Prize is certainly within reach if what you say is true.
#5- again, its too bad you don't address the points on suffering and instead defer to unnamed Christian thinkers who according to you, put this issue to rest. Did you know that this issue is still being debated in philosophical and theological circles? and that even in the Christian world, there is not a consensus?

I wonder what would happen if you allowed a seed of doubt to creep into these premature, crystallized convictions of yours. You might want to read some of the work by St. Augustine, Gregory the Great, Aquinas, Benedict, and others.....these great thinkers seemed to struggle with these issues and fail to agree with one another, yet you seem absolutely certain that you nailed these topics. Interesting.

"It is too bad that instead

"It is too bad that instead of providing concrete criticism of any of the points in this post you defer to unnamed authorities in Christian thought. let me hit your points in order."

we certianly can rehash all of those issues that have been widely dealt with if you wish but, it would be much easier if you would just study the responses made by the leading christian thinkers and respond to them. however, since that probably isn't going to happen, i'll do so in another post.

"I explicitly mention that science cannot prove or disprove God."

from what i can tell, the closest you get to actually stating this is when you say in reference to God that it is "An idea that cannot be proved or disproved". you don't mention science at all nor do you even make the distinction between the natural and the supernatural. in fact, in the statement i quoted, you state "Despite scientific facts...against the idea of an omnipotent and omniscient creator". it seems that these statements do not agree with your response here. you indeed say that science can disprove God.

"what does outclassed mean? Too bad you rely on pejorative labels and categories instead of discourse."

for some time now, christian philosophers have been getting the better of their non-theist counterparts. feel free to check out the debates between the leading thinkers. start with william lane craig. richard dawkins has been avoiding him with every elementary school excuse in the book. heck, dawkins won't even formally debate allister mcgrath. other who have tried, have not done so well. case in point, daniel dennet and mcgrath at the greer heard forum. there are several other examples we could discuss.

the philosophical arguments against God's existence you are probably referring to are not really taken seriously at these debates and you don't really hear them used much by atheist thinkers. instead, you see non-christians spending an inordinate amount of energy trying to break down the time-honored arguments for God's existence such as the ontological, cosmological, teleological, anthropological, etc. the most common arguments against God's existence are usually hell, evil/suffering, poor design and maybe a couple of others. these few have been dealt with many times over. feel free to examine the subjects yourself. you can find cursory treatments of them in philosophical foundations for a christian worldview by craig and moreland.

"how about naming a problem rather than falling prey to soundbites?

challenges that UCD faces are altruism, mimicry, predation, the cambrian explosion among others.

"you say that God "can certainly be proven to exist given an appropriate methodology". Do tell."

i've already mentioned the most common arguments for God's existence. these are logically formal, conclusive arguments. in that sense, they prove God's existence as much as logic, philosophy and metaphysical reasoning can prove anything.

"again, its too bad you don't address the points on suffering and instead defer to unnamed Christian thinkers who according to you, put this issue to rest. Did you know that this issue is still being debated in philosophical and theological circles? and that even in the Christian world, there is not a consensus?

there pretty much is a consensus among christian thinkers on why God has allowed suffering and it's called the freewill defense. notable people to read on the subject are j. p. moreland, william lane craig, francis schaeffer, ravi zacharias, among others.

mindless drones

Christian thinker = good argument?
Non-Christian thinker = bad argument?

One day you might learn to think on your own.

you don't know if i think on

you don't know if i think on my own or not. you know nothing about my background. for all you know, i used to be an atheist. several prominent christians were atheists. when they investigated christian beliefs with the goal of disproving them, they became christian. this is a standard reply by nontheists called ad hominem. when you can't hold your own in the marketplace of ideas, you start making personal attacks.

nontheists subscribe to the leading thinkers in their field just like christians appeal to theist philosophers. in that way, nontheists are just as dogmatic as anyone else. nontheists are no more "freethinkers" than anybody. the difference is nontheists can't substantiate their fundamental belief: that there is nothing supernatural or that naturalism is all that exists.

black and white

You might be an atheist or a christian, it doesn't matter. the point is that your view of the world and other people is in black and white. it comes across loud and clear in your writings. here it is again.

people that don't agree with you = wrong
people that agree with you = right

one day you might think for yourself and be embarrassed by your current approach to the world.

"people that don't agree with

"people that don't agree with you = wrong
people that agree with you = right"

what you haven't realized yet is that you have for a second time now, you made a generalization about me from just a few posts in order to avoid dealing with the specifics of what i posted. that is textbook ad hominem, atheist or not. i interacted with dozens of atheists for years at infidels.org and yes, ad hominems appear very early in conversations. you can check it out for yourself.

what's wrong with black and white? isn't that how truth works?

silliest argument on psychology today

I didnt tell you my favorite part of your incredible rhetorical skills

"this is a standard reply by nontheists called ad hominem. when you can't hold your own in the marketplace of ideas, you start making personal attacks."

You are the only person on earth who links nontheists to ad hominem attacks. only people that don't believe in god resort to ad hominem. hilarious!

I've never heard of this...

How can God be proven to exist?

If God is supernatural and

If God is supernatural and exists beyond time then when He claims to have created the world and lists how he made everything then we have an explanation of Creation. You may agree with it or not but it is plausible if God existed, now take evolution for instance, the explanation has a huge flaw in the fact of matter coming from nothing and becoming something without a Creator. Big Bang, Aliens visiting earth billions of years ago, etc...all have another question mark attached to them unless you admit to intelligent design. Where did they come from, now personally I believe in God but if you don't then you have to answer the questions of, where did we come from. Science can't do that and Darwin's theory certainly can't. Hence, religion gives an answer rooted in faith that others mock but science not only can't answer the question but ask you to have faith in there incomplete theory, we should believe science just because it isn't God?

Your argument is bad and you should feel bad

Your ignorance of science is truly stupefying. Its only equal must be the intellectual dishonesty with which it is employed in the patchwork of that insult to humanity's achievements you just vomited up.

"If God is supernatural and exists beyond time"... then he operates exclusively outside the observable universe and cannot, by definition, affect you or me or anything else we can see. That's what it means to be supernatural, in case you didn't know. If your imaginary friend had any observable effect on reality he would cease to be supernatural. Apply the previous reasoning to your claim of his existence beyond time, and you've saved me some of mine.

Now on to your claim that God is an explanation for creation. That's absolutely true, and yet I think I'd still feel rather dishonest preaching it to the ignorant, downtrodden masses that need something to hope for. Perhaps that's because of the fact that there are as many "plausible" explanations for creation as there are ways to arrange words like "he" and "made that". What sets the stupid ones apart from the others is evidence. Even if we pretend that the bible actually qualifies as historical evidence with strong claims about the natural world and not a gaudily bound book of cherrypicked fables that somehow still manage to offend basic morals, written and re-written by self-interested men, foisted on society at the point of sword, it still doesn't even begin to compare to the empirical support for the work of Galileo or Copernicus, to say nothing of how far cosmology has come today.

On to your claim that science isn't an explanation for creation. Well, of course. Obviously there must be a creator if you assume something is created. Nobody is disputing that. Science departs from your iron age superstition in that it will not make assumptions like yours without evidence. The big bang theory explains how the universe AS WE SEE IT came to be. Not how it "originally" came to be, because that would require that something existed before time began, an obvious contradiction. At least, for anyone willing to think for a second it is. If you want to assume that it must have a beginning, you accept the premise that something can exist outside the universe, violating the definitions of "exist" and "universe". And "you have to answer the questions of where we came from" might be better phrased as "you have to answer the questions of where we came from right now or else I am right, because arguing from ignorance is perfectly fine logic for me." Lastly, you obviously don't understand "Darwin's theory" (it's supported by a lot more than just his work, you know) at all. If you did, you'd know that evolution is an explanation for the diversity of life, not for its origin. Read up on abiogenesis for that, though I doubt it would matter if you did.

And finally, we come to perhaps the most insipid foolishness yet, your claim that science asks for faith in incomplete theories, whereas religion asks for faith in complete theories. This is more offensive than all the idiocy you spouted before, because here you accuse science being just as weak as your own superstitions. Here you betray your fundamental lack of understanding in asserting that accepting scientific theory is an act of faith. Science, by definition, is nothing of the sort. It does not ask for faith, and it never would. Faith damages science. Science is a systematic inquiry into how we can explain our universe through empirical observation and reason. Faith says that this is pointless, that you should believe without evidence, that your ignorance is a gift. When science can't explain something it doesn't turn around and attack other systems of knowledge as you do. It keeps asking questions, keeps collecting data, keeps pursuing knowledge. And it may never find enough answers to satisfy humanity, but it's still infinitely preferable to a system of belief that gave up before realizing that the earth isn't flat, revolves around the sun and might be a little older than 6000 years.

An addition.

The way you demolished the whole article could not be done better. But there is one point that I realized and want to add. This guy claims that a raped girl gets no response to her prayers. Since no response is given, there cannot be god. Because, if there were God, He is supposed to help her.
Have you noticed the logical gap in this argument? The phrase, "if there were God, He is supposed to help her", simply assumes that God is Just. By using raped-girl example, he can at the most attack the "justice of God", i.e. claim that God is not just, and he knows that. However, using his rhetorical skills, he slily makes and hides this assumption that "God must be just", thereby changing his attack to "existence of God".
He may cheat mediocrities with these rhetorical games; however, a true man of reason just laughs at him firing his arguments with a water pistol.
Anyways, as you said, there is also perfectly satisfactory explanations and scenarios to the way God can give justice. Hearing such folly from an atheist "professor" just makes me feel safe that atheism is absolutely no threat to theist beliefs.

"Your example isn't about

"Your example isn't about Science. It is merely an example of the institutional mind-set of particular individuals that play in the science field. The "institutional mind-set" permeates all social, political and academic disciplines. And they are the "mind-sets" that turn Science into an institution. Meanwhile scientists just do their science, but with financial boundaries unless they are "in bed" with financial/political "institutions". And then there are religious institutions."

you can't see the hypocrisy in what you are saying? the article is criticizing SOME religious people, not all. not all christians are sexually repressed as the author implies.

you are right about scientists; not all revere the peer review process. this underscores a point that many non-theists are ignorant about. non-theism holds science (qua rationalism) as the highest authority. unfortunately, there is much less scientific consensus than non-theists are willing to admit. basically, atheism is built on a foundation of sand. science is not concrete fact as some atheists believe. all scientists know the maxim that "all observation is theory laden".

Atheism is unquantifiable, I

Atheism is unquantifiable, I agree. It appears that Atheism (as a "club") often attracts a sector of society that feels some disturbance about existence period. Theism attracts in the same way. Someone who identifies themselves as "atheist" may just look to science as something that emotionally supports their grievance without any great understanding of science. These agrieved individuals shouldn't be used to qualify science.

No, I can't see the hypocrisy in what I am saying. Could you point it out please?

"Someone who identifies

"Someone who identifies themselves as "atheist" may just look to science as something that emotionally supports their grievance without any great understanding of science. These agrieved individuals shouldn't be used to qualify science."

i wouldn't say that's my point. i'm saying that non-theism as a worldview is incomplete. science is a wonderful tool to explain a great many things. however, it's only applicable in this existence. the tenets that science are founded on work in the natural world. they say nothing about what lies beyond. claiming to be an atheist is akin to sticking you head in the sand regarding morality, origins, purpose, destiny, mind/body dynamic (soul), etc. these issues are beyond the purview of science. to say there is no god is to smuggle in authority. no person has the capability of substantiating such a belief. so, instead of trying to ignore the metaphysical as atheists do, let's dialogue and find the truth about it.

"No, I can't see the hypocrisy in what I am saying. Could you point it out please?"

the comment was made that people who are religious blindly follow a particular document. it was then pointed out that certain scientists are just as dogmatic about the peer review process which certainly has it's flaws. the reply was that this is only true of certain scientists, not all. my response was that not all christians are dogmatic. some christians are scientists and philosophers. there are plenty of christians who definitely don't just blindly accept the word of some religious authority.

In terms of "Christian" then

In terms of "Christian" then maybe it just comes down to individual interpretations, or meaning, of symbols. Here are a couple of mine. "Crucifixion"; To crucify oneself by one's own beliefs in order to rise again.
"Do unto others what you would have them do unto you"; An understanding that each "attractive" other self is also your-self.
"Jesus died for our sins"; The only sin is ignorance of what we are in reality and so what we do (in this ignorance) is, in fact, already done. It is all just a trick of memory and so now, as we repeat these cycles, do not react (self-judge or hate). Just act (as in "the act of love")by response (being responsible), rather than by re-action (reactivity).

My thing is that the noises "Jesus", "crucifiction", "Christ" and so on, are purely allegorical. And these allegorical symbols can now be positioned beside what is observed in the science of Quantum Physics (and other sciences) where even the "atom" is reduced to allegory (as all "things" are merely symbolic of Reality).
Conventional "Christianity", in my view, contends that its symbols are somehow real historical events. The phenomena of believing in these symbolic "events", as if they were true, is like "sucking on the finger but not looking to where it maybe pointing".

In other words; A living culture is ALL the sciences and all allegorical "religious" symbols (which merely reflect the phenomena that is human emotion).

"Crucifixion"; To crucify

"Crucifixion"; To crucify oneself by one's own beliefs in order to rise again. "Do unto others what you would have them do unto you"; An understanding that each "attractive" other self is also your-self.

these are very intereting insights and i think there is some justification for them.

"Jesus died for our sins"; The only sin is ignorance of what we are in reality and so what we do (in this ignorance) is, in fact, already done."

the christian conception of sin ultimately is separation from God or the ultimate good. when we choose to walk apart from the highest moral standard, we have sinned. i'm not sure i would use the word ignorance because any person who doesn't have a mental handicap understands morality.

"My thing is that the noises "Jesus", "crucifiction", "Christ" and so on, are purely allegorical. Conventional "Christianity", in my view, contends that its symbols are somehow real historical events."

the ministry and crucifixion of Jesus are considered a historical fact by the academic community. you might be right that they didn't happen but, you would be going against the overwhelming historical consensus. furthermore, there is very good evidence for the resurrection of christ. good authors to read on the subject are william lane craig, gary habermas and n. t. wright.

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Todd B. Kashdan, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Psychology at George Mason University and author of Curious? Discover the Missing Ingredient to a Fulfilling Life and co-editor of Designing Positive Psychology.

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