"Winners never quit and quitters never win." Not quite. There comes a point, if a goal is implausible, when it's healthier to give up and switch to a new target, evidence suggests. The key is adaptability, explains psychologist Carsten Wrosch.
True, most people who pursue goals are happier. But "in many cases, humans are overly optimistic about what they can do," says Wrosch, of Concordia University, who has persisted in studying quitting for almost a decade. Roadblocks such as infertility or age can make some goals—like child-bearing—impossible. Those who don't or won't disengage in the face of repeated failure are at risk of physical and emotional suffering, including skin, stomach, and sleep problems and even diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis.
Wrosch and colleagues measured one precursor of poor health, systemic inflammation, in 90 young women over the course of a challenging year. Even after depression was ruled out, those who strongly agreed with statements such as "I have trouble letting a goal go" had twice the inflammation at the end of the year. Excessive inflammation, a sign of an overactive immune system, can result from a sustained high cortisol level, which occurs when you're repeatedly frustrated. Cortisol decreases throughout the day, but people hammering at a nut that won't crack don't receive the same degree of relief as more flexible strivers.
